Puntland Govt Condemns Somaliland Militia Attack On Buhoodle.

[Dr_Osman]

Garoowe:Wasiirka Warfaafinta Puntland oo Canbaareeyey Weerarada Somaliland ee Shacabka reer SSC.

28. januar 2012

 

APL

 

Garoowe:(Allpuntland)-Wasiirka wasaarada Warfaafinta, Isgaarsiinta, Hidaha & Dhaqanka dawlada Puntland ee Soomaaliyeed Axmed Cali Askar oo goordhawayd Warbaahinta shirjaraa’id ugu qabtay Xafiiskiisa ayaa si kulul u canbaareeyey Dagaaladii u danbeeyey ee Somaliland ay ku qaaday shacabka magaalada Buuhoodle ee xarunta gobolka Ceyn ee Puntland taasoo uu ku tilmaamay mid ayaan daro ah islamarkaasna aan sina loo aqbali Karin loona baahanyahay in Somaliland ay ka waantowdo falalka noocaan ah.

 

Mr.Askar Shirkiisa jaraa’id wuxuu ku sheegey in dawlada Puntland ay ka xuntahay weerarada isdabajoog ah ee Somaliland wuxuuna ugu baaqay in maamulka Siilaanyo ay ka waantoobaan arimaha noocan oo kale ah isagoona goobta ka tiriyey weeraro badan oo ay Somaliland si gardaro ah ugu qaaday shacabka reer Puntland taasoo uu ku macneeyey kuwo looga faa’daystay dulqaadka iyo nabad ilaalinta Puntland.

 

Dhanka kalena Wuxuu Wasiirku Canbaareeyey safarka wasiiro & xubno sarsare oo katirsan maamulka Somaliland ay ku joogaan gobolada SSC taasoo uu ku tilmaamay kuwo qayb ka ah gulufka colaadeed, Wasiirka ayaa ka gaabsanayey inuu ka hadlo tilaabada Puntland ay ka qaadayso Somaliland marka laga tago canbaaraymaha isdabajoog ah ee ay bixiso wuxuuna ku adkaystay in dawladiisu ay caan ku tahay nabad ilaalinta taasna ay ku dadaalayso markasta.

 

Xafiiska Wararka Allpuntland, Garoowe.

[Dr_Osman]

What a joke, nabad ilalin for what? war waxan oo kale firi. Yaa nabada uu ilalinaysa hadi dadkaga la laaynayo, Puntland job keliya waxay ahayd inay amniga iyo xaduudaha difacdo xataa taas bay samayn waayeen. I urge Puntland to stop this nonsense of condemning and deal with the issue, hadu dagaal noqdo ha noqdo dagaal sida ki aideed looga jebiyay mudug dhib dambe dagaal ma soo radsanayan hadi kumanan laga dilo

 

Puntland govt needs to understand its better to fight once and live in peace for 10-20 years rather then being attacked every week for 10 years. Puntland govt nabad dalka kama jirto xaduuda ilaasho. Meelaha lagu dagalameyo magaaloyin ma aha wa meelo miyi ah so I dont understand why their not fighting. Puntland has failed in the security sense that is why their is attacks everyday in Puntland because waxa la arkay mamul aan diyaar uu ahayn dagaal wayna ka fa'ideysanaya cadowga gudaha iyo kuwa shisheeye

[Somalia]

Puntland government should shut the hell up in this instance. :mad:

[Dr_Osman]

Somalia;781343 wrote:

Puntland government should shut the hell up in this instance. :mad:

i totally agree its failed miserably on the security front internally and externally, everybody know this its not even debated

[Oblivion]

Annelise Anderson

 

 

 

Abstract

The mafia is a major feature of Russia's experience in making the transition to a market economy. This article inquires into the nature and origin of this phenomenon. The evidence suggests that the Russian mafia phenomenon is a direct outgrowth of the informal economy and related corruption that was a significant part of the economy of the Soviet Union. Economists have usually concluded that the informal economy improved efficiency and consumer satisfaction in the Soviet economy. As aspects of this informal economy have developed into mafia activity, it has become less benign and is a possible threat to the success of the market economy in Russia because it threatens to defeat competition and thus the major benefit of a market economy.

 

In Lazear, Edward P., ed.Economic Transition in Eastern Europe and Russia: Realities of Reform. Stanford, Calif: The Hoover Institution Press, 1995.

 

Copyright 1995 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University

 

 

 

Introduction

 

This chapter inquires into the mafia phenomenon in Russia to evaluate its potential for threatening the success of economic reform. The first section considers the term mafia in popular parlance and in the economic literature. The second section looks at the conditions historically associated with the development of mafias. The third section addresses the underground economy in the latter years of the Soviet Union as the framework from which the current Russian mafia, the subject of the fourth section, developed. The claim that Russia's problems with crime are merely an early stage of capitalism is addressed in the fifth section. A final section considers public policy approaches.

 

 

Mafias and Organized Crime

 

Economists are uncomfortable with the term mafia, preferring to talk and theorize about organized crime and the criminal firm. The resulting speculations or models are sometimes intended to characterize the entities known to the public and the press as mafia organizations. At other times they are more general, intending to cover all organizations engaged in criminal activity, with the assumption that mafia organizations fall in this more general category.

 

The term mafia arose in Italy around 1865 to characterize some powerful Sicilians or Sicilian families engaged in violent and criminal activity who also achieved considerable control of local economic activity. (The term encompasses similar activity by Neapolitan and Calabrian organizations.) In the United States the term was adopted to describe organized criminal groups engaged initially in gambling and loan-sharking and later, during Prohibition, in illegal liquor traffic. As early as the 1970s in the Soviet Union mafia described the combination of underground economic enterprises and the officials involved with those underground enterprises as protectors and beneficiaries. Today it is used to describe a wide range of criminal activity in Russia.

 

In Italy and the United States mafia has a more specific meaning than is implied by organized crime, even though the two are often considered to be synonymous. Many crimes are undertaken by gangs or groups with some division of labor, a hierarchical structure, and a distribution of the spoils. (Even small criminal groups, such as a gang that robs banks, have some organizational structure: someone drives the getaway car and someone else rides shotgun; positions in the structure may be vacant and need to be filled.) A gang that robs banks, however, is not a mafia, nor is a terrorist group, despite its use of violence. Neither organization nor violence associated with criminal activity is sufficient to define a mafia.

 

The term mafia is more often associated with illegal market enterprises providing drugs, illegal liquor, or gambling. These are usually ongoing enterprises in which arrangements and agreements that are not legal contracts are made among participants. To go beyond personal relationships in which deals are completed at face-to-face meetings, participants may need a larger organizational structure to enforce agreements among members of the group and outsiders and to punish or redress violations thereof. Indeed, the successful groups in such enterprises may be those who succeed in establishing such organizational structures. Such structures may greatly increase the size of the deals they can undertake, expand the scope of their market (the distance over which they can do business and the number with whom they can deal), and entail the use of violence or the threat of violence. An organization able to enforce agreements and punish violators is also likely to decide which agreements it will enforce. It may come to control entry into various lines of criminal activity and the behavior (at least to some extent) of those who come under its protection. Thus a characteristic of a mafia is that it performs governmental functionsÄlaw enforcement and criminal justice -- in spheres where the legal judicial system refuses to exercise power or is unable to do so.

 

Another characteristic of mafias is their influence in the legal law enforcement and criminal justice systems. Leaders of the mafia may succeed in bribing individuals anywhere in the criminal justice system - police, courts, corrections. Cases may be dismissed, juries bribed, sentences reduced, parole lifted. The mafia may agree in some cases to use its powers on behalf of others who are not generally under its protection. Thus a characteristic of a mafia is that it performs governmental functions -- law enforcement and criminal justice -- in spheres where the legal judicial system refuses to exercise power or is unable to do so.

 

T.C. Schelling of Harvard University, perhaps the first economist to address the mafia phenomenon analytically, defines organized crime as "large-scale continuing firms with the internal organization of a large enterprise, and with a conscious effort to control the market" (1967, 115). Schelling considers the suppression of rivals, possibly in collusion with the police, one of the basic skills of organized criminal groups and argues that their basic business is extortion from the criminal enterprises that actually supply illegal goods and services to the public (Schelling 1971).

 

Economist William Jennings agrees that organized crime is carried out for profit by groups but rejects monopoly as its defining characteristic. Instead, he says that "organized crime is distinguished from other group-based crime by the degree to which organized crime employs resources to insure that its members do not aid the police" by requiring oaths of loyalty and silence (Jennings 1984, 317). Jennings developed a model that incorporates profitability and the costs of administering and enforcing oaths of noncooperation with the police, given probabilities of apprehension and conviction, to predict what kinds of crime will be undertaken by organized criminal groups. From the model he predicts that mafias will avoid offenses such as shoplifting, where direct observation is the basis of apprehension, and specialize in activities where oaths are of greater relative advantage. Becker and Stigler (1974,4) suggest another reason mafias are found in ongoing illegal markets: "It is difficult to bribe or even intimidate the enforcers who would be involved in a nonrepetitive violation."

 

In Jennings's model the cost of enforcing the oath of noncooperation with the police is a function of the probability of arrest and of time in jail, but the cost is also a function of the authorities' efforts to develop informants among the criminal group and the vulnerability of members to such efforts. One cost of enforcing noncooperation is punishing violators of the oath; in the American and Sicilian mafias the punishment is death. There are also the costs of preventing cooperation by offering, in return for taking the oath, the benefits of membership in the organization: the opportunity to participate in profitable businesses and financial aid and the influence the group leaders wield over the criminal justice system for those arrested.

 

The groups that fulfill Jennings's definition of organized crime, including specifically the American and Italian mafias, have one other characteristic: they devote resources not only to ensuring that members do not cooperate with the police but also to corrupting the legal and regulatory authorities. It is this last characteristic --the corruption of legitimate government authority -- that warrants the term mafia in popular parlance around the world, and it is in this sense that the term was first used in the Soviet Union. A mafia, then, is a group that is characterized by profit-oriented criminal activity, that uses violence or the threat of violence, that expends resources to discourage cooperation of its members with the police, and that corrupts legitimate governmental authority.

 

When legitimate governmental authority becomes corrupted, the government may lose, if it ever had, the power to protect citizens and legitimate businesses from criminal activity. For example, theft and fencing become more attractive than other crimes when those who fence stolen goods are not prosecuted. But worse, the subversion of the criminal justice system allows the mafia to run protection rackets, that is, to extract payments from, control entry into, and mandate conditions of operation of legitimate business enterprises. Under these circumstances the mafia uses its influence in the criminal justice system to perform activities comparable to the taxing and regulating powers of legitimate government. The corruption of the government may extend beyond the criminal justice system to other regulatory agencies or agencies that award contracts or grants.

[kingofkings]

^^^ what are you babbling on about?

[kingofkings]

Somalia;781343 wrote:

Puntland government should shut the hell up in this instance. :mad:

totally agree. either put up or shut up.

[Jacaylbaro]

^^ he is telling you Bugland is mafia dee

[Somalia]

Jacaylbaro;781351 wrote:

^^ he is telling you Bugland is mafia dee

We didn't know. Thank you so much for clarifying that. You are an indispensable asset to the site.

[kingofkings]

don't you think your priority should be how to win one battle against minutemen in buuhoodle rather than worry a state that is not your home?

[Xaaji Xunjuf]

:D:D

[kingofkings]

^^^^ first smart thing you said since being a member nov of 2011. can i infer that you are taking my advice?

[Xaaji Xunjuf]

Pudhlayn wuxun bay cambaaraysa hadh iyo habeen.

Madaxweynaha maraykanka oo cuntadisa ku saxday waanu cambaaraynayna bay ku odhanayaan

Doon la qabsaday waxay ku odhanayaan waanu cambaareynayna

Ciidanka qaranka oo hawl gal sameyey waanu cambaarayneyna.

Qadafi oo dhintaay waanu cambaaraynayna.

Amiin amiir oo na sawiray waanu cambaaraynayna.

[kingofkings]

^^^ you forgot to add, xaaji not answering question waanu cambaaraynayna.

[Freedom]

Punt land all talk no action lol