Sharaxid: Waa maxay Tacriif – Agabka dagaal ee Trump u adeegsanayo dalalka caalamka

[Deeq A.]

Washington (Caasimada Online) – Tacriif-ta ama cashuuraha ganacsiga ayaa haatan si weyn looga hadal hayaa warbaahinta.

Haddaba, waa maxay tacriif, maxaase muhiim ah in aad ka ogaato? Tacriifta waa canshuur la saaro badeecadaha la soo dhoofiyo. Waxaa badanaa lagu xisaabiyaa boqolkiiba qiimaha badeecadda uu iibsaduhu ka bixiyo alaab-qeybiyaha shisheeye.

Mareykanka, cashuuraha ganacsiga waxaa ururiya saraakiisha Kastamka iyo Ilaalada Xuduudaha (Customs and Border Protection) oo ka howlgala 328 dekedood iyo bar ganacsi oo dalka ku yaal. Heerarka cashuuraha Mareykanka way kala duwan yihiin: tusaale ahaan, cashuuraha la saaro baabuurta rakaabka waa 2.5%, halka kabaha golf-ka ay yihiin 6%.

Cashuurahaasi waxay hoos uga dhici karaan waddamada uu Mareykanka la leeyahay heshiisyada ganacsi. Tusaale ahaan, inta badan badeecadaha ayaa si xor ah ugu kala gudbi kara Mareykanka, Mexico, iyo Canada, sababo la xiriira heshiiskii ganacsi ee Trump uu la saxiixday dalalkaasi ee US-Mexico-Canada Agreement.

Dhaqaalaha iyo cashuuraha ganacsiga

Khubarada dhaqaalaha ayaa guud ahaan ka shaki qaba waxtarka tacriifta, iyagoo aaminsan inaysan ahayn hab wax ku ool ah oo dawladuhu dhaqaale uga helaan ama koboc dhaqaale u horseedi karaan.

Madaxweynaha Mareykanka Donald Trump, oo taageere u ah tacriifta, wuxuu ku adkaystay in dalalka shisheeye ay bixinayaan cashuurahaasi. Laakiin xaqiiqda dhabta ah waa in shirkadaha Mareykanka ah ee soo dhoofiya badeecadaha ay bixinayaan cashuuraha, lacagtana ay ku dhacdo khasnadda dawladda Mareykanka (U.S. Treasury).

Shirkadahani, si ay u magdhabaaan khasaaraha, waxay sare u qaadaan qiimaha badeecadahooda, taasoo macnaheedu yahay in macaamiishu bixinayaan qarashka cashuuraha. Sababtaas awgeed, dhaqaaleyahannadu waxay sheegaan in cashuuraha ganacsiga ay ugu dambeyn ku dhacaan shacabka.

Hase yeeshee, cashuurahaasi waxay sidoo kale dhibaato ku noqon karaan dalalka shisheeye, maadaama ay sare u qaadaan qiimaha badeecadahooda, taasoo adkeynaysa in la iibiyo. Shirkadaha shisheeye ayaa mararka qaar ku khasbanaada inay hoos u dhigaan qiimaha badeecadahooda, taasoo yareyn karta faa’idadooda si ay uga tartamaan suuqa Mareykanka.

Daraasad uu sameeyay dhaqaaleyahan Yang Zhou oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Fudan ee Shanghai ayaa lagu ogaaday in tacriifta Trump uu saaray badeecadaha Shiinaha ay saddex jeer ka badan waxyeelleeyeen dhaqaalaha Shiinaha marka loo eego saameynta ay ku yeesheen Mareykanka.

Trump iyo Tacriif-ta

Trump wuxuu ku dooday in tacriifaha ay abuuri doonaan shaqooyin warshadeed, yareyn doonaan deynta dawladda, hoos u dhigi doonaan qiimaha cuntada, islamarkaana u suurtagelin doonaan dawladda inay maalgeliso daryeelka carruurta.

“Cashuuraha ganacsigu waa wax la yaab leh oo la ikhtiraacay,” ayuu Trump ka yiri xaflad ka dhacday Flint, Michigan intii lagu jiray ololihiisii doorashada.

Muddadii uu xilka hayay, Trump wuxuu cashuuro dul-dhigay badeecadaha laga keeno dibadda, oo ay ka mid yihiin qoraxda laga dhaliyo korontada (solar panels), biraha, iyo dhammaan badeecadaha Shiinaha. Isagoo xoojinaya mowqifkiisa, wuxuu isku magacaabay “Tariff Man” (Ninka Tacriif-ta).

Trump ayaa ballan qaaday in haddii dib loo doorto uu kordhin doono cashuuraha ganacsiga ee uu saaro badeecadaha shisheeye, taasi oo uu billaabay in uu ka dhabeeyo.

Mareykanka ayaa sannadihii u dambeeyay si tartiib ah uga baxay doorkii uu ka ciyaarayay horumarinta ganacsiga xorta ah ee caalamiga ah tan iyo dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka.

Isbeddelkani wuxuu ka dhashay dareenka ah in shaqooyin badan oo warshadeed ay lumaan, arrintaasoo loo aaneeyo ganacsiga aan xakamaysnayn iyo koboca dhaqaale ee Shiinaha.

Ujeeddada Tacriif-ta

Tacriif-ta ayaa loogu talogalay in lagu ilaaliyo warshadaha gudaha. Sare u qaadista qiimaha badeecadaha la soo dhoofiyo waxay faa’iido u noqon kartaa shirkadaha gudaha oo si fudud uga tartami kara suuqa.

Sidoo kale, cashuurahaasi waxay noqon karaan ciqaab la dul-dhigo waddamada lagu eedeeyo inay sameeyaan xeelado ganacsi oo aan cadaalad ahayn, sida kabidda (subsidizing) badeecadahooda ama iibinta alaabta qiimo aad u jaban (dumping).

Ka hor inta aan canshuurta dakhliga federaalka la hirgelin sannadkii 1913, tacriifaha waxay ahaayeen isha ugu weyn ee dakhli ka soo galo dowladda. Sida uu sheegay dhaqaaleyahan Douglas Irwin oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Dartmouth, inta u dhaxeysay 1790 iyo 1860, cashuuraha ganacsiga waxay ka koobnaayeen 90% dakhliga dawladda.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cashuurahaasi waxay hoos u dhacaan markii ganacsiga xorta ah uu kobcay ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, iyadoo dawladda ay u baahatay ilo dhaqaale oo ballaaran si ay u maareyso miisaaniyaddeeda.

Dowladda Mareykanka waxay sannad maaliyadeedkii dhammaaday 30-ka Sebtembar ururisay ku dhowaad $80 bilyan oo doollar oo cashuuraha ganacsiga ah, taasoo aad uga yar marka loo eego $2.5 tirilyan oo doollar oo ka soo xarooday canshuurta dakhliga shakhsiga iyo $1.7 tirilyan oo doollar oo ka yimid canshuurta bulshada (Social Security iyo Medicare).

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Trump wuxuu doonayaa in Mareykanku dib ugu laabto xeerarka miisaaniyadeed ee jiray qarnigii 19-aad, isagoo si xooggan u adeegsanaya cashuuraha ganacsiga.

Tacriif-ta iyo cadaadiska Diblomaasiyadeed

Tacriif-ta waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsan karaa cadaadis diblomaasiyadeed, xitaa marka arrimahaasi aysan la xiriirin ganacsiga.

Sannadkii 2019, Trump wuxuu isticmaalay hanjabaadda cashuuraha si uu cadaadis ugu saaro Mexico inay xakameyso qulqulka muhaajiriinta ka imaanaya Bartamaha Ameerika ee sii maraya xuduudda Mexico una sii socda Mareykanka.

Trump xitaa wuxuu cashuuraha u arkaa hab lagula xallin karo dagaallada. “Hal wicitaan ayaan sameynayaa,” ayuu ka yiri xaflad ka dhacday North Carolina bishii Agoosto.

Haddii waddan kale isku dayo inuu dagaal billaabo, wuxuu sheegay inuu ku hanjabi doono: “Waxaan idin dul-dhigi doonnaa cashuur 100% ah.”

Dhaqaaleyahannada oo ka digaya Tacriif-ta

Dhaqaaleyahannadu waxay rumeysan yihiin in cashuuraha ganacsigu ay sare u qaadaan qiimaha badeecadaha, taasoo saameyn taban ku yeelan karta shirkadaha iyo macaamiisha. Waxaa sidoo kale la filan karaa in dalalka kale ay sameeyaan aargoosi.

Tusaale ahaan, Midowga Yurub wuxuu cashuuro dul-dhigay badeecadaha Mareykanka sida bourbon-ka iyo mootooyinka Harley-Davidson si uu uga jawaabo cashuuraha Trump ee birta iyo aluminium-ka.

Daraasad ay sameeyeen dhaqaaleyahanno ka kala socda MIT, Jaamacadda Zurich, Harvard, iyo Bankiga Adduunka ayaa lagu ogaaday in cashuuraha Trump aysan wax shaqo ah u soo celin dalka.