Somaliland Highlighted in the 2024 Nobel Prize in Economics

[Deeq A.]

Somaliland Highlighted in the 2024 Nobel Prize in Economics

One of the recipients of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences is Dr. James Robinson, recognized for his groundbreaking economic theory titled “Paths Toward the Periphery.” In his research, Dr. Robinson highlights Somaliland and Botswana as exemplary cases illustrating this pathway. He presents Somaliland as a compelling example of successful indigenous state-building, emphasizing its innovative use of traditional institutions as a powerful counter-narrative. Dr. Robinson, a professor at the University of Chicago’s Harris School of Public Policy and Department of Political Science, advocates for Africa to embrace and utilize traditional institutions to address conflicts effectively. The recognition of Somaliland’s achievements in this prestigious award underscores the increasing attention of the global academic community to its unique governance model.

A central element of Dr. Robinson’s theory is the role of the Guurti, Somaliland’s council of elders, which functions as the upper house of parliament. Established during the 1993 Borama Conference, the Guurti has been pivotal in Somaliland’s peacebuilding and state-building processes, particularly during its formative years (1991–2001). The integration of this traditional governance structure into the modern political framework has been instrumental in fostering stability and legitimacy in Somaliland.

Interestingly, my doctoral research, which I defended in September at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies, aligns closely with Dr. Robinson’s work. My dissertation explored the topic, “The Dynamics of Collective Action and Political Settlements: A Comparative Study of Somaliland and Somalia.” While my research encompassed both Somaliland and Somalia, it incorporated four established theories in economics and political science, including the theory of Collective Action. One of my key findings corresponds closely to Dr. Robinson’s insights into the integration of traditional governance structures.

To illustrate this alignment, I will quote one of the findings from my research:
8.1.2 Integration of Traditional Governance Structures
“One of the key factors contributing to Somaliland’s stability and legitimacy was the successful integration of traditional governance structures into its modern political framework. Clan elders, who held significant authority and respect within their communities, were incorporated into formal political institutions, such as the House of Elders (Guurti). This body played a crucial role in mediating disputes, maintaining social order, and ensuring that the interests of various clans were represented in the political process. The inclusion of traditional leaders in governance not only provided a sense of continuity and cultural relevance but also ensured that decisions were made in line with local customs and values. This hybrid system, blending modern state structures with traditional governance, allowed Somaliland to build a political order that was both functional and culturally resonant, thus reinforcing its stability and legitimacy.

In contrast, Somalia struggled to effectively integrate traditional governance structures into its state-building efforts. The central government often perceived clan elders and other traditional leaders as competitors rather than partners in governance, leading to a disconnect between formal institutions and the local population. Efforts to centralize power and marginalize traditional authorities alienated key segments of society and exacerbated tensions among clans. The failure to recognize and incorporate traditional mechanisms into the state-building process resulted in a lack of local legitimacy and contributed to ongoing conflict and fragmentation. In many cases, traditional leaders were either sidelined or co-opted by warring factions, further eroding their authority and the social cohesion they had traditionally maintained. This disconnect between political actors and traditional governance structures hindered the achievement of a stable and inclusive political settlement, prolonging Somalia’s crisis.”

In conclusion, on behalf of the people of Somaliland, I extend my gratitude to Dr. James Robinson for his recognition of Somaliland’s efforts and achievements. This acknowledgment is a proud moment for Somaliland and an affirmation of its contributions to state-building and governance. I look forward to presenting my research findings in the near future and publishing them as a book, in line with the recommendations of my thesis committee.

Dr. Jamal Ali Hussein

Qaran News