Taariikh:Heshisyadii dhexmaray Odayaashii Soomaaliyeed Ingiriiska qarnigii 18-naad

[Suldaanka]

Heshiisyadii uu Ingiriisku la galay Odayaashii madax dhaqameedyada ama Culimadii hoggaanka u ahayd bulsha soomaaliyeed ee deegaanka Somaliland, way farabad-naayeen, waxaanse ka soo qaadanayaa dhawr heshiis oo u baahan in wax-laga ogaado. Heshiisyadaa waxa ka mid ahaa heshiiskii dhacay 1827kii. Heshiiskaasi wuxuu ka dhacay magaalada Berbera waxaana saxeexay odayaashii hoggaanka u ahaa magaalada Berbera xilligaas. Waxaana odayaashaa ka mid ahaa Sheekh Ismaciil , Cumar Qaadi (Omar Kadim) , Xuseen Buun (Husein Bun) , Ismaciil Guuleed (Ismail Qoled) . Odayaashaa oo metelayay Odayaashii Bebera Waxay heshiiskaa la galeen J.J Gordon Bremer oo ahaa sarkaalkii dhinaca Ingiriiska u saxeexay heshiiskaa.

 

 

Heshiiskaasi waxa uu ka danbeeyay markii la gubay markab la odhan jiray Brig Marie oo uu ingiriisku lahaa. Dadkii saarnaana waa la-laayey, inkastoo dhawr qof la badbaadiyey oo markii danbe lagu wareejiyay Kabtan: J.J Gordon. Heshiiskaa waxa loogu wanqalay inuu yahay heshiis Saaxiibtinimo iyo ganacsi oo dhexmaray Odayaashii soomaaliyeed ee Habarawal iyo wakiilkii ingiriiska ee waqooyiga Afrika oo ahaa Kabtan-kaa la odhan jiray J.J Gordon Bremer. Waxa kaloo xusid mudan in uu heshiiskaa goob joog ka ahaa ama markhaati uu markhaati ka ahaa Sharmaarke Cali Salax oo markaa ahaa guddoomiyihii Saylac. Wax-yaabihii lagu heshiiyay waxa ka mid ahaa in labada maamul uu dhex-maro xidhiidh ganacsi in Odayaasha reer Berbera ay bixiyaan magtii iyo khasaarihii la gaadhsiiyay markabkii ingiriiska sannadkii 1825kii.

 

 

Waxa lagu qiimeeyay magtaas 15,000 oo ah Dollarka Spanishka oo u dhigantay 5000 oo Dolar. Dhinaca kale waxa ka mid ahaa heshiiskaa in qolo kastaaba ay nabad geliso qolada kale. Heshiiskaasi waxa uu dhacay 1827 oo ahayd sannadka Hijriyada 1242-kii bishii Rajab sagaalkeedii. Markii uu Ingiriisku qabsaday magaalada Cadan ayaa waxa sii kordhay danihii uu Ingiriisku ka lahaa Xeebaha Somaliland, sidaa awgeed heshiis cusub ayuu la galay Odayaashii soomaaliyeed 1855kii. Markii isla sannadkaa dagaalku ka qabsaday magaalada Berbera ninkii basaaska ahaa ee la odhan jiray Richard Burton ee la baxay Sheekh Cabdalle, ayuu Ingiriisku ka caagay oo ku soo dhici waayay Berbera iyo xeebaha Somaliland, taasina waxay sababtay in markale uu Ingiriisku heshiis la galo odayaashii Soomaaliyeed 1856kii.

 

 

Markii la furay Suways-kanaalka ayay reer Yurub sida daadka ugu soo qulquleen xeebaha badda cas iyo gacanka Cadmeed ilaa badweynta Hindiya oo markii hore si dhib ah loogu soo gudbi jiray. Taasi waxay keentay in Berbera iyo Xeebaha Somaliland noqdaan goobo muhiim ah oo reer Yurub u kala tartamaan. Inkastoo Masaaridu muddo yar ka talinayeen xeebaha Somaliland, balse heshiiskii ugu mugga weynaa ama ugu ballaadhnaa ee beelaha reer Somaliland ay isugu yimaadeen intooda badani wuxuu dhacay 1885 wuxuuna dhammaystirmay 1886-kii. Waana heshiiska dhigayey in uu ilaaliyo Ingiriisku danaha beelaha soomaaliyeed ee la galay heshiiska. heshiiskaasi waxa uu ahaa mid xeerka iyo xurmada reer banii'aadam waafaqsan, balse heshiiskaa Ingiriisku markii danbe wuu dafiray oo wuu ku badhi-furay dadkii soomaaliyeed ee uu heshiiska la galay.

 

Taxane

 

Jamhuuriya

[N.O.R.F]

Suldaanka

 

Waar bal ninyho afingriisi igu summarise-garey saxib :cool:

[Suldaanka]

Basically the article itself is an overview of the key historical events that took place in the 18 cen. between Somaliland elders and her Majesty's Empire.

 

It says there were three encounters between the British and the locals, one being before the British assumed South Yemen (Aden) as a colony. And the other two

happened somewhere latter.

 

In the first meeting, a ship captained by a man named Brig. Marie arrived at Berbera port, possibilty, exploring for new lands. At this encounter, the locals recieved the new arrivals with hostilities and in the process sank the ship and captured some of the survived crew.

 

2 years after that incident, a man named J.J Gordon came to Berbera in an effort to stablish friendly relations with the locals and also recover whatever was alive of the crew who were being held as captives by the locals. The peace accord between the British and the locals (Habarawal) was witnessed by Sharmarke Ali Salah, the then ruler of Zeila.

 

Another incident also took place about 30 years later around 1850s when a british spy/explorer named Richard Burton who disguised himself to the locals as Shiekh Abdallah visited the region. The locals this time too did not recieve Richard with open arms instead he survived an attempted assissination, and he immediately fled the region. almost killed near Berbera.

 

By now the British who stablished a huge base in Aden had a good idea that the Somalis proved to be a formidable foe that were not as easy a cake as they first thought of them. So they had to adopt new tactics and new techniques. And that led In1885 for the British to forge a comprehensive agreement.with the Somali clans.

[Suldaanka]

Heshiiskii Dhexmaray boqoraddii Ingiriiska ee Victoria iyo boqorkii Axmaarada ee Melelik

 

 

Inkastoo Ingiriisku uu heshiisyo dhawr ah la galay madax-dhaqameed-yadii soomaaliyeed ee reer Somaliland, balse wuxuu lama dhaafaan ka dhigay heshiiskii uu la galay boqorkii Axmaarada ee la odhan jiray Mililigii labaad. Is-weydiintu waxay tahay maxaa labada heshiis midna ka dhigay lama dhaafaan midna looga dulbooday? Weydiintaas warcelinteedu way fududahay, waxaanse u deynayaa akhris-tayaasha. Waxaanse waxyar ka-taabanayaa heshiiska lagu sameeyay soohdimaha Somaliland.

 

 

Intaynaan heshiiskaa u gelin aynu dib u jalleecno heshiisyadii ay Madax-dhaqameed-yadii iyo Culimadii hoggaanka u ahayd bulshada Soomaaliland, lagaleen Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska. Heshiisyadaa hore oo dhammi waxay dhaceen intaanuu Saancaddaaluhu cagta soo saarin carriga Somaliland. Taasoo sheekooyinka qaar tilmaamaan in heshiiskii ugu ballaadhnaa ee dhacay 1885-kii u ka dhacay markab dushiisa. Sababtoo ahayd odayaashii soomaaliyeed oo diiday inay ogolaadaan in saancaddaaluhu cagta soo dhigo carriga Somaliland heshiis la'aan. Sidaa awgeed ayuu heshiiskaasi uga dhacay badda dusheeda. Sheeko kale oo muhiim ah ayaa tilmaamaysa in heshiiskaa lagu kala saxeexday Saan-geel.

 

 

Xaalku si kastaba ha ahaadee, heshiisyadaasi waa qaar waafaqsanaa oo aan ka hor imanayn xeerka iyo xurmada reer Nabi Aadam dhammaantiis. Waxa kale oo muhiim ah in la fahmo heshiiska Odayaashu ay la galeen Ingiriiska waxa uu ahaa mid ay ku metelayeen dhammaan beelaha ay u ahaayeen madax dhaqameedka. Tusaale ahaan beelaha saxeexay heshiiskaa waxa ka mid ahaa ******** iyo Garxajis. Heshiiskaasi wuxuu mujiinayey in beelaha Garxajis iyo ******** iyo beelaha kale ee reer Somaliland ay heshiiskaa kula galeen Saancaddaalaha soohdimahooda oo dhan. Soohdinta Somaliland ee xilligaa waxay ahayd meelkasta oo ay gaadhaan beelaha Soomaaliland iyo geeloodu, halkaasaana u ahayd xad iyo xuduud.

 

 

Bulshadii reer Somaliland oo heshiiskoodu sidaa u qeexnaa ayuu soo galay maamulkii Ingiriisku. Somalidu waxay ku maahmaahdaa "gal dad liq ah ul-dheer baa lagu dayaa" Ingiriisku isagoo ka baqo-qaba carriga Somaliland ayuu soo diray Kabtan la odhan jiray Swayne. Kabtankaasi waxa uu la kulmay xaalad aad uga yaabisay, markuu arkay sida beelaha soomaaliyeed ay uga dhaxayso ficiltan, nacasnimo salka ku hay-sa oo aan meel gaadhsiisnayn. Wuxuu kabtankaasi kasoo degey magaalada Berbera, wuxuuna u sii dhaafay Bullaxaar. Tusaale ahaan magaalada Bullaxaar waxa ka socday dagaal lagu hoobtay. Dagaalkaas oo dhexmarayay beeshii deggenayd magaalada oo dhegta dhiigga isu daray. Wuxuu u sii dhaafay meesha la yidhaahdo Ceel Caanood, halkaasoo markii hore lagala horyimi dareen diidmo ah, balse markii danbe halkaa lafteeda uu arkay inay beel-beel isu haystaan.

 

 

Ninkaa Kabtanka ahaa wuxuu gaadhay Hargeysa, halkaa marka uu marayo sannadkii 1885-kii ayuu la kulmay Sheekh Madar oo markaa Hargeysa isaga iyo xertiisu deggenaayeen. Waana markii ugu horraysay ee uu Swayne ogaaday in dhibaato dagaal ay ku socoto dadka soomaaliyeed ee galbeedka deggen. Waxa markaa faro kulul ku hayay dadka soomaaliyeed ee deegaanka Jigjiga ilaa Herer Axmaarada oo qabsatay magaalada Herer 1887-kii. Qabsashada Herer la qabsaday waxay noqotay waddo halaq oo ku soo furantay dadkii soomaaliyeed. Balse maamulkii Ingiriiska ee heshiiska lagula galay in uu ka difaaco wixii ka xoogroonaada beelaha reer Somaliland oo heshiiska lagalay, wuxuu saancaddaaluhu ugu bedelay si ka duwan oo khiyaamo qoto dheer salka ku haysay.

 

 

Kabtan Swayne wuxuu ku noqday Cadan wuxuuna geeyay xogtii uu soo helay ee uu kasoo helay dadka soomaaliyeed iyo Axmaarada oo uu ugu tegay Jigjiga ciidankooda, una sii dhaafay Herer oo uu kula kulmay Raas Makonan. Warbixintaa uu Kabtanku geeyay Cadan ayaa noqotay tii ay ku go'aansatay boqoraddii Ingiriiska ee xilligaa oo la odhan jiray Victoria. Waxay soo wakiilatay Mr Rennel Rodd. Dabadeedna waxa halkaa ka unkamay socdaalkii wefdigii Ingiriiska ee la kulmay "King of kings of Ethiopia". Boqorkaas oo aan wax lug ah kullahayn danaha dadka soomaaliyeed ee reer Somaliland ayaa sidaa kula wareegay taladii iyo ka arrimintii soohdimaha geeska Afrika oo uu markaa isagu ugu xoogroonaa. Heshiiskiina waxa uu u dhacay sidan:

 

 

Mr: Ronnel Rodd wuxuu la kulmay boqor Melelik oo uu kula kulmay magaalada Adisabeba. Kulankaas waxa lagu saxeexay heshiis ka koobnaa lix qodob. Waxayna saxeexeen 14 May 1897-kii. Hadaba qodobka labaad ayaa sheegayay in samaynta soohdinta dib loogu noqdo Raas Makonan oo ahaa guddoomiyihii qabsaday magaalada Herer ee ka qabsaday Amiir Cabdalla oo ahaa Amiirkii ugu danbeeyay ee Herer ka taliya. Hadaba akhristoow bal u dhugmo yeelo qodobkaas iyo sidii uu u calaamadsaday Raas Makonan deegaankii Awoowayaasheen ay heshiiska kula galeen Ingiriiska iyo sida uu markii danbe bustaha qoyan u saaray Salaadiintii, Ugaasyadii, Garaadadii reer Somaliland ee loo baraarugay goor xeedho iyo fandhaal kala dhaceen oo ahayd 1954kii markii xayle Salaase lagu wareejiyay dhulkii Hawdka Somaliland.

 

 

Ras Makonan wuxuu saxeexay Soohdinta Somaliland ee uu u aqoonsaday in uu Ingiriisku ka taliyo. Wuxuuna tilmaamay deegaanka uu marayo Xadku.

 

 

" I inform you today that, after long freindly discussion, the baoundary of the British Somali Protectorate upon which we have agreed is as follows: Starting from the seashore apposite the wells of Hadou (as on which the French and the English Goverments agreed in Feberuary 1888). it flows the caravan road by Abbaswein till Mount Somadu; from Mount Somadu to Mount Sau; From Mount Sau to Mount Egu; "......Ras Mokonan (Treaty between Great Britain and Ethiopia)

 

 

Raas Makonan wuxuu xadka kasoo bilaabayaa dhinaca Jabuuti oo uu caddaynayo in ay soohdinta u dhaxaynaysa Ethiopia iyo maamulka Ingiriiska ee soomaalida uu kasoo bilaabmayo, halkii ay Faransiiska iyo Ingiriisku ku heshiiyeen in uu xadkoodu ahaado 1888-kii. Dabadeedna hoos ayuu u soo raacayaa ilaa buriba, buur u dhiibto, ilaa lagu soo gaadho dhigaha iyo loolka 44' iyo 9' iyo 47' iyo 8'. Sidaas ayaa lagu xarriiqay heshiiskii xaaraanta ahaa ee aanay madax-dhaqameedkii soomaaliyeed waxba ka ogayn.

 

 

Hadaba heshiiskaa Ingiriisku soomaalida wuu ka qariyay isagoo ogaa inaanay aqbalayn awgeed. wuxuu kaloo ogaa inay xilligaa soomaalidu xoog ku lahayd ama ay ku badnaayeen deegaanka Jigjiga ilaa Herer ilaa Diridhabe, taasoo uu ka baqayay haddii ay ogaadaan in ay isaga (ingiriiska) laftigiisa ku kici karaan. Arrinku si kastaba ha u dhacee, heshiiskaa Ingiriisku jeebka ayuu gashaday wuxuuna la soo baxay dagaalkii labaad ee adduunku markii uu dhammaaday. Sannadkii 1946kii ayuu xoghayihii arrimaha dibedda ee Ingisriisku soo jeediyay in dalka Somaliweyn oo ay Jabuuti oo keliyi ka maqantahay gacanta Ingiriiska lagu ogaado. Xataa in Xeebta Jabuuti lagu soo wareejiyo Ingiriiska, si uu u maamulo dhammaan deegaanka soomaalidu degto oo dhan. arrinkaa khilaaf weyn ayaa ku dhexmaray afartii dal ee libaaxyada ahaa ee dunida qaybsaday Maraykan, Faransiis, Ingiriis iyo Ruush oo ka adkaaday maroodigii halligmay ee Jarmalka. khilaafkaas oo salka ku hayay sidii laga yeeli lahaa deegaankii soomaalida ee talyaanigu gumaysan jiray iyo qaybihii kale ee axmaaradu ka talin jirtay ayaa lagu go'aamiyay in uu Ingiriisku faraha kala baxo dhulka soomaalida, taasoo uu Faransiisku aad ugu adkaystay.

 

 

Markii uu Ingiriisku arkay inaan waxba loo reebayn aan ka ahayn Somaliland oo uu markii horeba haystay ayuu dhammaan dhulkii celiyay oo weliba jeebka kala soo baxay heshiiskii xaaraanta ahaa ee dhacay 1897-kii ee uu la galay Raas Makonan iyo Melelik. Reer Somaliland arrinkaa waxay kaga jawaabeen kacdoonkii ugu weynaa ee ka dhacay Somaliland. Waxaana isu soo baxay ardaydii dugsiyada, iyagoo maro cad madaxa ku xidhay. Kacdoonkaas waxa ka dhashay in wefdi loo diro carriga Ingiriiska. wefdigaas oo ka koobnaa afar waxay kala ahaayeen Suldaan Cabdillaahi Suldaan Diiriye, Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Suldan Diiriye, Maykal Maryano iyo Cabdiraxman Cali "Dubbe". Wefdigaasi waxay tegeen Ingiriiska 1955-kii, balse way ku soo guuldarraysteen hawshii ay u socdeen ee ahayd inaan dhulka Hawdka Somaliland aan lagu wareejin Xayla Salaase. Wuxuuna ingiriisku ka dhigay heshiisyadii Odayaashii soomaaliyeed la galeen qarnigii 19-aad midaan waxba ka jirin. Heshiiskii aanay soomaalidu waxba ka ogayn ee dushoodii geeloodii lagu maalay-na wuxuu ka dhigay saancaddaaluhu midaan la dhaafi karin, Saa! boqoraddii Victoria ayaa saxeexday'e.

 

 

Lasoco...qaybaha danbe iyo heshiiskii dhexmaray dawladdii Somaliland iyo dawladdii Ingiriiska 26 june 1960.

[Haaruun]

Anagaa wax aragney!!

[Gabbal]

The peace accord between the British and the locals (Habarawal) was witnessed by Sharmarke Ali Salah, the then ruler of Zeila.

Indirect way of telling us what you are, no?