Kenadeed's conquest of Hobyo [Galmudug] its lasting effect on Somalia

[General Duke]

Portrait of Sultan Yusuf Ali Keenadiid in the late 1800s.

 

Yusuf Ali was master of Hobyo which inluded all of what is Mudug and parts of Galgaduud. His greatest Generals included Omar Samatar, Gode-Gode, Gusha & lesse extent Ali Sharmarke father of late President Abdirishid & grandfather of Omar, present PM.

Boqor Ismaan Mahamuud's sultanate was nearly destroyed in the middle of the nineteenth century by a power struggle between him and his young, ambitious cousin, Keenadiid. Nearly five years of destructive civil war passed before Boqor Ismaan Mahamuud managed to stave off the challenge of the young upstart, who was finally driven into exile in Arabia. A decade later, in the 1870s, Keenadiid returned from Arabia with a score of Hadhrami musketeers and a band of devoted lieutenants. With their help, he carved out the small kingdom of Hobyo after conquering the local ****** clans. Both kingdoms, however, were gradually absorbed by the extension into southern Somalia of Italian colonial rule in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.

 

Yusuf Ali's expansionist plans were thwarted. Hobyo's borders at that time then constituted the territory from El-Dhere through to Dusa-Mareb in the south-west, from Galladi to Galkacyo in the west, from Jerriban to Garad in the north-east, and the Indian Ocean in the east.

The question I pose today is what effect has the conquest and rule of the House of Kenadeed had on the current political situation in Somalia?

 

Does the rivelry and clan bitterness of the local clans of what is Galmudug & parts of Galgaduud today towards the general clans and politicians of Puntland stem from the actions of this historic figure.

[General Duke]

One of Sultan Ali Yusuf's commanders, Omar Samatar, attacked and captured El-Bur on 9 November. The local populace sided with Omar, and soon enough the Italians had a full scale revolution on their hands after Omar followed up his previous success with the capture of El-Dhere. The Corpo Zaptié tried and failed to recapture El-Bur from Omar. By 15 November the Italians had fled to Bud Bud, ambushed by partisans the whole way and rather diminished in forces and resolve.

 

A third attempt was planned, but before it could be executed the commander of the operation, Lieutenant-Colonel Splendorelli, was ambushed and killed between Bud Bud and Bula Barde. Italian morale hit rock bottom, and Hobyo seemed a lost cause as Omar stood poised to reconquer Hobyo itself. In an attempt to salvage the situation, governor De Vecchi requested two battalions from Eritrea and assumed personal command. The rebellion soon spilled over the borders into the Benadir and Western Somaliland, and Omar grew increasingly powerful.

 

The disaster in Hobyo shocked Italian policymakers in Rome. It was the Adwa fiasco of the First Italo–Ethiopian War all over again, and Italy's plans for East Africa were unraveling before their very eyes. Blame soon fell on Governor De Vecchi, whose perceived incompetence was blamed for Omar's rise. Rome instructed De Vecchi that he was to receive the reinforcement from Eritrea, but that the commander of the Eritrean battalions was to assume the military command and De Vecchi was confined to Mogadishu and limited to an administrative role. The commander was to report directly to Rome, bypassing De Vecchi entirely.

 

[The Zack]

Ask Cowke, he will probably claim his uncle kicked every one's rear end.

[General Duke]

^^^we await the answers from a few supporters of Galmudug including our Cowke or as he is sometimes known as Juje, Abwan, and the new guys. How did this single man's action impact on the relationship between the communities?

[General Duke]

Source

[General Duke]

In 1878 Hobyo's glory attracted a young rebellious and ambitious man named Ali Yusuf and approached peacefully to local headmen and elders of the local people. The man and his army built a fort and secretly smuggled in guns. After a short time, Ali Yusuf attacked the local tribesmen and pronounced the Sultanate ofin Hobyo.The sultanate was captured and pensioned off to Mogadishu in 1925 (4: 71). Since the fall of the Sultanate to the Italian colonial power, the town lost its historical roles, and started gradual declination. The Italians and the Somali governments after independence all marginalized the town, forgot its ancient history and neglected it. Caught in a declining and sinking town, the people had to emigrate to elsewhere in search for jobs and life. The centralized administration, and concentration of wealth and opportunities in the capital city made the people to flow out m

[xiinfaniin]

Where is Cowke when you need him the most?

[Xaaji Xunjuf]

Heesti loo qaadii jiray maxay ahayd

Ninka sarta saraan suldan cali weye

Ninka dhulka jooga adoonkisa weye

Dident ina igarre help the Local Galmudugians to fight against Sultan cali yusufs forces

[Hamse]

Originally posted by Xaaji_xundjuf:

Didn't

Ina Igarre help the Local Galmudugians fight against Sultan Cali Yusuf's forces

Ina Igarre was a shoe polisher for the british at that time I think. it could be i have the dates twisted. i don't believe he got promoted yet.

 

I'll double check

[Sabriye amp co.]

At first impression, I understood that this was another one of Duke’s attempts of de-bitternizing* him self of Juje’s earlier comments.

 

* (completely made up word, but you get the message)

 

(Afeef) - A topic effectively aimed at starting a ‘My tol is more noble then your tol’ debate, which isn’t the sort that any decent being gets involved with, but Since Xaaji Xunjuf decided to entertain Duke’s glorification of treachery, here is a few useful quotes that Xaaji might want to jott down.

 

(Hor dhac)- Is there Honour in treachery and aiding of Italian’s in their mission to colonise the Somali people?

 

“By the late 19th century, the Imamate began to decline. Faced with internal problems and challenges from the imperialist forces, the Zanzibari sultan, and even from the Portuguese earlier on, the Hiraab Imamate lost its power and eventually fragmented. By 1880, a young ambitious dissident of the northeast, allied with an army of Hadrami musketeers, had managed to seize Hobyo and formally declared an independent sultanate. After a few years, Hobyo was ceded to the Italian government of Mogadishu. In 1925, under Italian admission, the sultanate was pensioned off to Mogadishu and Hobyo became an administrative district of the Mudugh region.”

A good analogy would be: Duke glorifying A/yusuf “conquer” of Mogadishu with out mentioning the Ethiopian tanks commanded by Col. Gabre and ofcurs the American fighter jets.

 

Now consider this..

If…

- ruling Hobyo for less than 5 years with the help of the Italians who by the way later used him as a medium towards conquering Southern Somalia, is worthy of glorification.

 

-the introduction fire-arms into Somali clan conflicts from the Italians to kenadiid and his Hadrami accomplices and it’s affect on the outcome of wars is not of any worthy consideration.

 

- ambitions led him to be arrested by the same Italians who brought him to any significance and handed over for execution to the somali's who he deceived after they sympathised for him when he fled from the north east with his mother alone.

 

If someone can sincerely find honour or dignity for that matter in this story" then truly trechery has no meaning and beggs the question , what does this make the people of Kismayo who were under the rule of Indho-Cade from 1998-2007?

 

I don’t see the importance of entertaining a typical ‘My tol is this and your tol is that’ kind of debate/discussion because its futile and is likely to cause few offences here and there which I assume is against the forum rules if anyone follows them these days lol.

 

(Dhamaad)

[wacdaraha_aduunka]

I can see my 2nd grandfather there among the names of the generals may they rest in peace all of them AUN

[UZTAAD]

which one ?

[General Duke]

Kenadeed's legacy seems to be a bitter one at least reading the nonsense of Mr Sabriye.

 

The fact that the Suldan managed to conquor the region and hold it for nearly 50 years is telling. Also the fact that Hobyo was one of the largest and most thriving cities in all of Somalia at that time must also be noted.

 

Today it is no more than a village.

[General Duke]

^^^Indeed, the history of Kenadeed must be told again.

[wacdaraha_aduunka]

Miskiin maxaad ii bartilmaadmaneysa I want to know why my reply was deleted sxb I stated a fact