Somalia - Bibliography

[Paragon]

I thought I should post this biblio in this section; for the benefit of those who have access to study materials available in scholarly institutes. This may also be of some help to those undertaking a country study on Somalia or simply interested in knowing more about Somali issues. The bibliography below is not all up to date, but perhaps I'll peruse the net to add some more recent ones.

 

PS: If there is anything you'd like to add to this bibliography; I am sure your efforts will be appreciated .

 

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'A general' Bibliography

 

Abir, M. "Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa." Pages 537-77 in Richard

Gray (ed.), The Cambridge History of Africa, 4: From c.

1600 to c. 1790. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

1975.

 

Abdulqawi, A. Yusuf. "The Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1897 and the

Somali-Ethiopian Dispute," Horn of Africa, 3, No. 1,

January-March 1980, 38-42.

 

Beachey, R.W. "The Arms Trade in East Africa in the Late Nineteenth

Century," Journal of African History [Cambridge], 3,

No. 3, 1962, 451-67.

 

Bell, J. Bowyer. The Horn of Africa: Strategic Magnet in the

Seventies. New York: Crane, Russak for National Security

Information Center, 1973.

 

------. "Strategic Implications of the Soviet Presence in Somalia,"

Orbis, 19, No. 2, Summer 1975, 402-11.

 

Burton, Richard. First Footsteps in East Africa. (Ed.,

Gordon Waterfield.) (Travellers and Explorers Series.) New

York: Praeger, 1966.

 

Caroselli, Francesco S. Ferro e fuoco in Somalia. Rome:

Sindicato Italiano Arti Grafichi, 1931.

 

Cassanelli, Lee Vincent. "The Benaadir Past: Essays in Southern

Somali History." (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin,

1973.) Ann Arbor: Xerox University Microfilms, 74-9171.

 

------. The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the

History of a Pastoral People, 1600-1900. Philadelphia:

Pennsylvania University Press, 1982.

 

Castagno, Alphonso A., Jr. "The Horn of Africa and the Competition

for Power." Pages 155-80 in Albin J. Cottrell and R.M. Burrell

(eds.), The Indian Ocean: Its Political, Economic, and

Military Importance. New York: Praeger, 1972.

 

------. Somalia. (International Conciliation Series.) New

York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, March 1959.

 

------. "Somali Republic." Pages 512-59 in James S. Coleman and

Carl G. Rosberg (eds.), Political Parties and National

Integration in Tropical Africa. Berkeley: University of

California Press, 1964.

 

Castagno, Margaret. Historical Dictionary of Somalia.

Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1975.

 

Cerulli, Enrico. Somalia: Scritti vari editi ed inediti.

(3 vols.) Rome: Istituto Poligrafico della Stato, 1957-64.

 

Chittick, Neville. "An Archaeological Reconnaissance of the

Southern Somali Coast," Azania [Nairobi], 4, 115-30.

 

Clark, John D. The Prehistoric Cultures of the Horn of Africa:

An Analysis of the Stone Age Cultural and Climatic Succession

in the Somalilands and Eastern Parts of Abyssinia.

(Occasional Publications of the Cambridge University Museum of

Archaeology and Ethnology, 2.) Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 1954.

 

Collins, Douglas. A Tear for Somalia. London: Jarrolds,

1960.

 

Compagnon, Daniel. "The Somali Opposition Fronts: Some Comments and

Questions," Horn of Africa, 13, Nos. 1-2, January-

June 1990, 29-54.

 

Contini, Paolo. The Somali Republic: An Experiment in Legal

Integration. London: Cass, 1969.

 

Doornbos, Martin R. "The Shehu and the Mullah: The Jehods of Usuman

Dan Fodio and Muhammad Abd-Allah Hassan in Comparative

Perspective," Acta Africana [Geneva], 14, No. 2,

1975, 7-31.

 

Drysdale, John G. The Somali Dispute. New York: Praeger,

1964.

 

Farer, Tom J. War Clouds on the Horn of Africa: A Crisis for

Détente. New York: Carnegie Endowment for International

Peace, 1976.

 

FitzGibbons, Louis. The Betrayal of the Somalis. London:

Collings, 1982.

 

------. The Evaded Duty. London: Collings, 1985.

 

Gersony, Robert. "Why Somalis Flee: A Synthesis of Accounts of

Conflict Experience in Northern Somalia by Somali Refugees,

Displaced Persons, and Others." Washington: Department of

State, 1989.

 

Gorelick, Robert E. "Pan-Somali-ism v. Territorial Integrity,"

Horn of Africa, 3, No. 4, October-December 1980, 31-

36.

 

Hancock, Graham. Lords of Poverty: The Power, Prestige and

Corruption of International Aid Business. New York:

Atlantic Monthly Press, 1989.

 

Heine, Bernd. "Linguistic Evidence on the Early History of the

Somali People." Pages 23-33 in Hussein M. Adam (ed.),

Somalia and the World: Proceedings of the International

Symposium. Mogadishu: National Printing Press, 1979.

 

Henze, Paul B. The Horn of Africa: From War to Peace. New

York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.

 

Hess, Robert L. Italian Colonialism in Somalia. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press, 1966.

 

------. "The `Mad Mullah' and Northern Somalia," Journal of

African History [Cambridge], 5, No. 3, 1964, 415-33.

 

------. "The Poor Man of God: Muhammed Abdullah Hassan." Pages 63-

108 in Norman R. Bennett (ed.), Leadership in Eastern

Africa: Six Political Biographies. Boston: Boston

University Press, 1968.

 

Hoskyns, Catherine (ed.). The Ethiopia-Somalia-Kenya Dispute,

1960-67. (Case Studies in African Diplomacy, No. 2.) Dar

es Salaam: Oxford University Press, 1969.

 

Jardine, Douglas J. The Mad Mullah of Somaliland. London:

Jenkins, 1923. Reprint. New York: Negro Universities Press,

1969.

 

Karp, Mark. The Economics of Trusteeship in Somalia.

(African Studies Program Series.) Boston: Boston University

Press, 1960.

 

Kebede, Yonas. "The Legal Aspect of the Ethiopian-Somali Dispute,"

Horn of Africa, 1, No. 1, January-March 1978, 26-31.

 

Laitin, David D. Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali

Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.

 

------. "Somalia's Military Government and Scientific Socialism."

Pages 174-206 in Carl G. Rosberg and Thomas M. Callaghy

(eds.), Socialism in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New

Assessment. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies,

University of California Press, 1979.

 

------. "The War in the ******: Implications for Siyaad's Role in

Somali History," Journal of Modern African Studies

[Cambridge], 17, No. 1, March 1979, 95-115.

 

Laitin, David D., and Said S. Samatar. Somalia: Nation in

Search of a State. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press,

1987.

 

Laurence, Margaret. The Prophet's Camel Bell. New York:

Macmillan, 1963.

 

Legum, Colin (ed.). Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey

and Documents. (Annuals 1978-1979 through 1990-1991.) New

York: Africana, 1980-92.

 

Legum, Colin, and Bill Lee. The Horn of Africa in Continuing

Crisis. New York: Africana, 1979.

 

Lewis, Herbert S. "The Origins of the Galla and Somali,"

Journal of African History [Cambridge], 7, No. 1,

1966, 27-46.

 

Lewis, I.M. "Conformity and Contrast in Somali Islam." Pages 240-52

in I.M. Lewis (ed.), Islam in Tropical Africa. (2d

ed.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980.

 

------. "Dualism in Somalian Notions of Power," Journal of the

Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and

Ireland [London], 93, Pt. 1, January-June 1963, 109-16.

 

------. "From Nomadism to Cultivation: The Expansion of Political

Solidarity in Southern Somalia." Pages 59-78 in Mary Douglas

and Phyllis M. Kaberry (eds.), Man in Africa. London:

Tavistock, 1969.

 

------. "Historical Aspects of Genealogies in Northern Somali

Social Structure." Journal of African History

[Cambridge], 3, No. 1, 1962, 35-48.

 

------. "In the Land of the Mad Mullah." Sunday Times

[London], August 30, 1992, 8-9.

 

------. A Modern History of Somalia: Nation and State in the

Horn of Africa. (Rev. ed.) Boulder, Colorado: Westview

Press, 1988.

 

------. "Modern Political Movements in Somaliland, I,"

Africa [London], 28, No. 3, July 1958, 244-61.

 

------. "Modern Political Movements in Somaliland, II,"

Africa [London], 28, No. 4, October 1958, 344-63.

 

------. "The Nation, State, and Politics in Somalia." Pages 285-306

in David R. Smock and Kwamena Bensi-Entchill (eds.), The

Search for National Integration in Africa. New York: Free

Press, 1975.

 

------. "Nationalism and Particularism in Somalia." Pages 339-62 in

P.H. Gulliver (ed.), Tradition and Transition in East

Africa: Studies of the Tribal Element in the Modern Era.

Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.

 

------. A Pastoral Democracy. London: Oxford University

Press, 1961.

 

------. Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and

Saho. (Ethnographic Survey of Africa, Northeastern

Africa, Pt. 1.) London: International African Institute, 1955.

Reprint. London: International African Institute, 1969.

 

------. "The Problem of the Northern Frontier District of Kenya,"

Race [London], 5, No. 1, July 1963, 48-60.

 

------. "Shaikhs and Warriors in Somaliland." Pages 204-23 in M.

Fortes and G. Dieterlen (eds.), African Systems of

Thought. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.

 

------. "The Somali Conquest of the Horn of Africa," Journal of

African History [Cambridge], 1, No. 2, 1960, 213-29.

 

Lytton, Lord. The Stolen Desert. London: Macdonald, 1966.

 

Marcus, Harold G. The Modern History of Ethiopia and the Horn

of Africa: A Select and Annotated Bibliography. Stanford:

Hoover Institution Press, 1972.

 

Martin, Brad G. Muslim Brotherhoods in Nineteenth Century

Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

 

Mesfin Wolde-Mariam. Somalia: The Problem Child of Africa.

Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University, 1977.

 

Monroe, Elizabeth, and Jones, A.H.M. A History of

Abyssinia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1935.

 

Pankhurst, E. Sylvia. Ex-Italian Somaliland. New York:

Philosophical Library, 1951.

 

Payton, Gary D. "The Somali Coup of 1969: The Case for Soviet

Complicity," Journal of Modern African Studies

[Cambridge], 18, No. 3, September 1980, 493-508.

 

Pestalozza, Luigi. The Somalian Revolution. (Trans., Peter

Clendening.) Paris: Editions Afrique, Asie, Amérique Latine,

1974.

 

Pothholm, Christian P. Four African Political Systems.

Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1970.

 

Potter, Pitman B. The Wal Arbitration. (Monograph Series,

Division of International Law, No. 3.) Washington: Carnegie

Endowment for International Peace, 1938.

 

Reisman, W. Michael. "The Case of Western Somaliland: An

International Legal Perspective," Horn of Africa, 1,

No. 3, July-September 1978, 13-22.

 

Rennell, Francis James. British Military Administration of

Occupied Territories in Africa During the Years 1941-

1947. London: HMSO, 1948.

 

Rivlin, Benjamin. The United Nations and Italian Colonies.

(United Nations Action, Case Histories, No. 1.) New York:

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1950.

 

Rubenson, Sven. "The Genesis of the Ethio-Somali Conflict." Pages

641-57 in Robert L. Hess (ed.), Proceedings of the Fifth

International Conference on Ethiopian Studies. Chicago:

University of Illinois, 1980.

 

Samatar, Said S. "How to Run an SNM Gauntlet," Horn of

Africa, 13, Nos. 1-2, April-June 1990, 78-87.

 

------. "How to Save Somalia," Washington Post, December

1, 1992, A19.

 

------. Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayyid

Mahammad Abdille Hasan. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 1982.

 

------. Somalia: A Nation in Turmoil. London: Minority

Rights Group Report, 1991.

 

------. "The Somali Dilemma: Nation in Search of a State." Pages

155-94 in Anthony I. Asiwaju (ed.), Partitioned Africans:

Ethnic Relations Across Africa's International Boundaries,

1884-1984. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985.

 

Silberman, Leo. "The `Mad' Mullah: Hero of Somali Nationalism,"

History Today [London], 10, No. 8, August 1960, 523-

34.

 

------. "Why the Haud Was Ceded," Cahiers d'études

africaines [Paris], 2, No. 1, 1961, 37-83.

 

Somalia. The Portion of Somali Territory under Ethiopian

Colonization. Mogadishu: Government Publications, June

1974.

 

Taddesse, Tamrat. "Ethiopia, the Red Sea, and the Horn." Pages 99-

182 in Richard Oliver (ed.), The Cambridge History of

Africa, 3: From c. 1050 to c. 1600. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 1977.

 

Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. Djibouti and the Horn

of Africa. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1968.

 

Touval, Saadia. Somali Nationalism: International Politics and

the Drive for Unity in the Horn of Africa. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press, 1963.

 

Turton, E.R. "Bantu, Galla, and Somali Migrations in the Horn of

Africa: A Reassessment of the Juba-Tana Area," Journal of

African History [Cambridge], 16, No. 4, 1975, 519-37.

 

------. "The Impact of Mohammad Abdille Hassan in the East Africa

Protectorate," Journal of African History

[Cambridge], 10, No. 4, 1969, 641-57.

 

------. "The **** Somali Diaspora and Poll-Tax Agitation in Kenya,

1936-41," African Affairs [London], 73, July 1974,

325-46.

 

------. "Kirk and the Egyptian Invasion of Africa in 1875: A

Reassessment," Journal of African History

[Cambridge], 11, No. 3, 1970, 355-70.

 

------. "Somali Resistance to Colonial Rule and the Development of

Somali Political Activity in Kenya, 1893-1960," Journal of

African History [Cambridge], 13, No. 1, 1972, 119-43.

 

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Adam, H. M., & Geshekter, C. L. (Eds.), 1992

Proceedings of the 1st International Congress of Somali Studies. Atlanta: Scholars Press.

 

75 scholarly papers that include legal studies, history, linguistics, literature, development studies, and the natural sciences.

 

Andrzejewski, B. W., with Andrzejewski, S., 1993 Somali Poetry. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

 

Extensive collection of traditional and modern Somali poetry.

 

Andrzejewski, B. W., & Lewis, I. M., 1964 Somali Poetry: An Introduction. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

 

Evaluation of Somali poetic forms, with many examples, by a preeminent linguist and anthropologist.

 

Cassanelli, L. V., 1982 The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People, 1600-1900. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

 

A thorough overview of Southern Somali history by a leading scholar.

 

Farah, N., [1979] 1992 Sweet and Sour Milk. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press.

 

[1981] 1992 Sardines. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press.

[1983] 1992 Close Sesame. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press.

 

A trilogy of novels providing excellent background on Somali culture and politics.

 

Farer, T., 1979 War Clouds on the Horn of Africa: The Widening Storm. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

 

A guide to the history of the Horn from the colonial era through the bloody conflicts of the 1970s, with recommendations for policymakers.

 

International Labour Office, 1989 Generating Employment and Incomes in Somalia. Addis Ababa: JASPA.

 

Comprehensive investigation of the rural economy, urban informal sector, women's employment, and education needs. Five technical papers examine private opulence amidst public poverty in Somalia.

 

Jamal, V., 1988 Somalia: Survival in a 'Doomed' Economy. International Labour Review, 127(6), 783-812.

 

Brilliant revisionist analysis of the Somali economy. Shows how previous studies underestimated the production, caloric, and nutritional value of milk (vital in a nomadic economy) and neglected remitted earnings from Somalis working abroad.

 

Laitin, D. D., & Samatar, S. S., 1987 Somalia: Nation in Search of a State. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

 

An historical and political analysis of Somalia which examines the root causes to the conflict in the Horn of Africa.

 

Lewis, I. M., 1961/1982 A Pastoral Democracy. New York: Africana.

 

The classic anthropological study of Somali culture focusing on the northern pastoral clans.

 

Lewis, I. M., 1988 Modern History of Somalia: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa (3rd ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

 

Standard history of the Somali people by the leading social anthropologist. Covers prehistory to modern period with emphasis on political development and social change.

 

Loughran, K. S., et al. (Eds.), 1986 Somalia in Word and Image. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

 

Authoritative essays on poetry, architecture, handicrafts, jewelry, and nomadic lifestyles. Contains numerous color photographs.

 

Massey, G., 1987 Subsistence and Change: Lessons of Agropastoralism in Somalia. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

 

Written from a sociological perspective, this book examines the production system of Digil and ********* living in the Baay Region in southern Somalia.

 

Nelson, H. D. (Ed.), 1982 Somalia: A Country Study. Washington, DC: U.S. Government.

 

Provides a general overview of Somali history, economy, and society.

 

Putman, D. B., 1985 A Cultural Interpretation of Development: Developers, Values and Agricultural Change in the Somali Context. Isku Kalsoonaan Baa Horumar Lagu Gaaraa (Trust Leads to Success) (Ph.D. dissertation, Bryn Mawr College, 1984) Ann Arbor: University Microfilms. 85.

 

Case study materials from the Baay Region illustrate the perils of development programs which fail to fully understand the local production systems.

 

Samatar, Ahmed I., 1988 Socialist Somalia: Rhetoric and Reality. New York: Zed Press.

 

Devastating critique of the Siyaad Barre years that provides important background material on the political anarchy and cultural disintegration of the early 1990s.

 

Samatar, Abdi I., 1989 The State and Rural Transformation in Northern Somalia, 1884-1986. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

 

Shows how colonial governments transformed rural production and social relations in northern Somalia, increasing wealth for some but undermining traditional methods of conflict resolution and ethical behavior.

 

Sheik-Abdi, A., 1993 Divine Madness: Mohammed Abdulle Hassan, 1856-1920. London: Zed Press.

 

Far-ranging treatment by a Somali historian of the Somali Dervish Wars of resistance led by the so-called "Mad Mullah."

 

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Here's another LINK to another biblio

 

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Somali Customary Law and Society

Ayittey, George B.N. Indigenous African institutions. Ardsley-on-Hudson, NY: Transnational Publishers, 1991.

 

Bader, Christian. Le Sang et le Sait: Breve Histoire des Clans Somali. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1999.

 

Bayart, Jean-Francois. L'Etat en Afrique. Paris: Fayard, 1989.

 

Bigwood, Bryce. "Ancap Mog: So Close Yet so Far." Anti-State.com, 2002

 

Brons, Maria H. Society, Security, Sovereignty and the State in Somalia: From Statelessness to Statelessness? Utrecht: International Books, 2001.

 

Burale, Ahmed Sheikh ‘Ali Ahmed. Xeerkii Soomaalidii Hore. Mogadishu: Akadeemiyaha Dhaqanka, 1977.

 

Burton, Richard. (1856) First Footsteps in East Africa Dover Publications, 1987.

 

Casanelli, Lee V. The Shaping of Somali Society: Reconstructing the History of a Pastoral People, 1600-1900. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982.

 

Cerulli, Enrico. "Il Diritto Consetudinario della Somalia Italiana Settentrionale." Bolettinodella Società Africana d’Italia anno xxxviii (1919). Naples.

 

Colucci, Massimo. Principi di Diritto Consuetudinario della Somalia ItalianaMeridionale. Firenze, 1924.

 

Compagnon, Daniel. "Somalia: Les limites de l'ingerance 'humanitaire.'" LÉchec politique de l'ONU in Afrique Politique (1995): 195-196.

 

Davidson, Jim. Personal communication to Spencer H. MacCallum, 2003.

 

Drysdale, J.G.S. "Some Aspects of Rural Society Today." The Somaliland Journal (1955).

 

Horner, Simon. "Somalia: A Country Report," APC-EU Courier (Commission of the European Communities in Brussels) no. 162 (March-April 1998).

 

Iye, Ali Musse. “Le Verdict de L'Arbre, Le Xeer Issa, Etude d'une Democratie

 

Pastorale.” Djibouti: n.p., 1990.

 

Kapteyns, L. "Gender Relations," The International Journal of African History (1995).

 

Langley, J. Ayo, ed. Ideologies of Liberation in Black Africa, 1856-1970. London: Rex Collins, 1979.

 

Lewis, I.M. A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa. Oxford University Press, 1961.

 

Lewis, I.M. "Lineage Continuity and Modern Commerce in Northern Somaliland." In Bohannan, Paul and George Dalton, eds. Markets in Africa. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1962.

 

Lewis, I.M. Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 1997.

 

Little, Peter D. Somalia: Economy Without State. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.

 

Mirreh, Abdi Gaileh. Die Sozialökonomischen Verhaltnisse der Nomadischen Bevölkerung im Norden der Demokratischen Republik Somalia. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1978.

 

Mohamed Mohamed Shiekh. "Does Somalia Really Need a Government?" (Signed editorial). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The Sun (August 28, 1997).

 

Noor Muhammad. "Civil Wrongs under Customary Law in the Northern Regions of the Somali Republic," Journal of African Law 8, no. 3 (1967): 157-177.

 

Noor Muhammad. The legal system of the Somali Democratic Republic. [Pages 70-88, 115-119, 287-288]. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1972.

 

Pirone, M. "Leggende e Traditioni Storiche dei Somali ******." Archivio per l’Antropologia e l' Etnología LXXXIV (1954). Florence.

 

Samatar, Abdi Ismail and Ahmed I. Samatar. The African State: Reconsiderations. Westport, CT: Heinemann, 2002.

 

Simons, Anna M. "A Somali Alternative to Chaos." Los Angeles Times, July 9, 1997.

 

Sorens, Jason P. and Leonard Wantchekon. Social Order without the State: The Case of Somalia. Working paper, Council on African Studies. New Haven: Yale Center for International and Area Studies, 2000.

 

Van Notten, Michael. "From Nation State to Stateless Nation." Liberty 17, no. 4 (April 2003): 27-32.

 

Van Notten, Michael. Various draft writings: "Aims of a Project on the Somali Customary Law," May 30, 1999 (1 page); "International Conference for Assistance to Refugees in Africa (ICARA)," May 16, 1999 (1 page); The Juno File, no date (80 pages); "Reaffirmation of Somali Nationhood." February 5, 1997 (2.5 pages); "Rebuttal of an Open Letter on the New War between Ethiopia and Eritrea," December 25, 1998 (under pen name Wilbur Black); Ten Memoranda and Drafts on Somali politics, no date; "Which Political System for the Somalis?" November 15, 1998 (1 page); "Why Awdal is so Shockingly Poor," May 7, 2002 (under pen name Frank Douglas Heath).

 

Van Notten, Michael (under pen name Graham Green). "Laissez Faire in Africa." Economic Government Group, 1998, http://www.econgov.org/articles/index.shtml

 

Van Notten, Michael (under pen name Graham Green). 1998 "Toward a New Country in East Africa." Economic Government Group, 1998, http://www.econgov.org/articles/toward.shtml

 

Van Notten, Michael (under pen name Graham Green). “Why Stateless?” Economic Government Group, no date, http://www.econgov.org/articles/toward.shtml

 

Van Notten, Michael (under pen name Graham Green). “Somali Customary

 

Law.” Economic Government Group, no date, http://www.econgov.org/articles/toward.shtml

 

Van Notten, Michael (under pen name Graham Green). “Fines under the Xeer (Customary Law) of the ***** Tribe.” Economic Government Group,no date, http://www.econgov.org/articles/toward.shtml

 

Van Notten, Michael (under pen name Graham Green). “Somalijskie Prawo Zwyczajowe.” Libertarianizm.pl. http://www.libertarianizm.pl/green.html

 

Van Notten, Michael (under pen name Frank Douglas Heath). "Whither Somaliland? Tribal Society and Democracy." Somaliland Forum, 2000. http://www.somalilandforum.com/articles/whither_somaliland.htm

 

Wright, A.C.A. "The Interaction of Law and Custom in British Somaliland and their Relation with Social Life," Journal of the East African Natural History,1942: 66-102.

 

Zavis, Alexandra. “Authority-Free Somalia Makes Modern Gains.” Seattle

 

Times, The Associated Press, 25 February 2005.

 

General

Anderson, J.N.D. Colonial Office: Islamic Law in Africa [pages 40-57, 114]. Kent: Fangorn Books, 1954.

 

Anderson, J.N.D., ed. Changing Law in Developing Countries. Praeger, 1963.

 

Barkun, Michael. Law without sanctions: Order in Primitive Societies and the World Community. Yale University Press, 1968.

 

Barnett, Randy E. The Structure of Liberty: Justice and the Rule of Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.

 

Bell, Tom W. 1991 "Privately Produced Law." Extropy 3, no. 1 (Spring 1991). [since reprinted and available from Libertarian Alliance, 25 Chapter Chambers, Esterbrooke Street, London SW1P 4NN.]

 

Benson, Bruce L. The Enterprise of Law: Justice without the State. San

 

Francisco: Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy, 1990.

 

Benson, Bruce L. To Serve and Protect: Privatization and Community in Criminal Justice. New York: New York University Press, 1998.

 

Berman, Harold J. Law and Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition. Harvard University Press, 1985.

 

Bozeman, Adda B. Conflict in Africa: Concepts and Realities.Princeton University Press, 1976.

 

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The World Fact Book. Washington DC 2003. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/so.html

 

De Jasay, Anthony. Against Politics. London: Routledge, 1997.

 

De Jouvenel, Bertrand. On Power: The Natural History of its Growth. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1993. [Original in French: Du Pouvoir: Histoire Naturelle de sa Croissance. Génève: Les Éditions du Cheval Ailé, 1945].

 

Diamond, A.S. The Evolution of Law and Order. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1975.

 

Friedman, David D. Law's Order" What Economics Has to Do with Law and Why It Matters. Princeton University Press, 2000.

 

Fuller, Lon. The Morality of Law. Yale University Press, 1964.

 

Gwartney, James D. and Robert A. Lawson. Economic Freedom of the World: 2004 Annual Report. Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute, 2004.

 

Halliday, Roy. Enforceable Rights: A Libertarian Theory of Justice. (2000) http://royhalliday.home.mindspring.com/MYBOOK.HTM#BOOK. [Also published on microfiche as Peace Plans 1687, 1688 by Libertarian Microfiche Publishing, Box 52, Berrima NSW, Australia, 2001.]

 

Halliday, Roy. Email message December 17, 2002 to Spencer H. MacCallum. Quoted by permission.

 

Hoebel, E. Adamson. Law of Primitive Man: A study in Comparative Legal Dynamics. New York: Scribner, 1968.

 

Hoppe, Hans-Hermann, ed. The Myth of National Defense. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2003.

 

Kendall, Frances and Leon Louw. After Apartheid: The Solution for South Africa. San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies Press, 1987.

 

Leoni, Bruno. Freedom and the Law. Princeton: Van Nostrand, 1961.

 

Lester, J.C. Escape from Leviathan. London: Macmillan, 2000.

 

Loan, Albert. "Institutional Bases of the Spontaneous Order: Surety and Assurance." Humane Studies Review 7, no. 1 (Winter 1998).

 

Lowi, Alvin, Jr. Scientific Method: In Search of Legitimate Authority in Society. San Pedro, CA: Unpublished monograph available from the author (310) 548-8457 ).

 

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