Talibaan oo ka mid noqotay Kooxaha Dunida ugu taajirsan,Cadadka Lacagtay Haystaan & Halkay ka keeneen

[Deeq A.]

Talibaan oo ka mid noqotay Kooxaha Dunida ugu taajirsan,Cadadka Lacagtay Haystaan & Halkay ka keeneen

Taliban waxaa loo maleynayaa inay yihiin kooxaha ugu taajirsan dunida, kaddib 20 sano oo ay dagaal kula jireen Mareykanka iyo dalalka xulafada la ahna, waxay haatan ka taliyaan Afghanistan.

Marka sidee ayay Taliban isku dabbaraan?

Dhaqaale intee le’eg ayay heystaan Taliban?

Taliban ayaa xukumayay Afghanistan tan iyo sanadkii 1996 ilaa dabayaaqadii 2001, markaas oo ciidamada Mareykanka ay xukunka ka tuureen.

Inkastoo ay 20 sano dagaal ku jireen ayna ka dhinteen tobnaan kun oo dagaal-yahanno Taliban ah, haddana awoodda maamul iyo militari ee kooxda ayaa sii kobceysay sanadihii la soo dhaafay.

Qeybihii dhexe ee sanadkan 2021 waxay heysteen qiyaastii 70,000-100,000 dagaal yahanno ah, iyagoo toban sano kahor heystay keliya 30,000, sida laga soo xigtay Mareykanka.

Inay kooxdu sideeda u soo taagnaato waxay u baahan tahay dhaqaale kasoo gala ilo kala duwan oo gudaha iyo dibadda Afghanistan ah.

Qaramada Midoobay ayaa dakhliga sanadlaha ah ee kooxda ee wixii ka horreeyay sanadkii 2011 ku qiyaastay has been estimated at around $400m (£290m).

Balse dhammaadkii sanadkii 2018 dakhligooda ayaa kordhay oo gaaray $1.5bn sanadkii, sida lagu xusay baaritaan ay sameysay BBC.

Xaggee ayay ka keenaan lacagtaas?

Waresiyo ay BBC ka sameysay gudaha Afghanistan iyo dibadda ayaa muujinaya in kooxda ay maamulaan dallad dhaqaae iyo hannaan canshuur.

Waxay abuurteen tiro ilo dhaqaale ah. Waxaynu eegeynaa ilaha ugu waaweyn kuwaas.

1. Deeqaha shisheeye

Dhowr sarkaal oo Afghanistan iyo Mareykanka ka soo jeeda ayaa in muddo ah waxay ku eedeynayeen dalalka qaar – oo ay ku jiraan Pakistan, Iiraan iyo Ruushka – inay dhaqaale siiyaan Taliban. Arrintan ayay dhowr jeer beeniyeen.

Si kastaba, muwaaddiniin ka soo jeeda Pakistan iyo dhowr dal oo Gacanka ku yaalla oo ay ka mid yihiin Sacuudi Carabiya, Imaaraatka Carabta iyo Qadar ayaa la sheegay inay si shakhsi ah lacag ugu deeqaan Taliban.

Inkastoo aan si rasmi ah loo miisaami karin,haddana ilahaas dhaqaale ayaa loo maleynayaa inay door muhiim ah ka qaataan dakhliga Taliban. Sida ay qabaan khubarrada dakhligaas ayaa lagu qiyaasaa $500m sanadkii.

Xiriirradan dhaqaale waa kuwo muddo dheer jiraya. Warbixin ay sirdoonka Mareykanku sameeyeen ayaa lagu ogaaday in sanadkii 2008 ay Taliban $106m ka heleen ilo dhaqaale, gaar ahaan dalalka Gacanka.

2. Ka ganacsiga daroogada

Taliban ayaa muddo dheer maamuleysay hannaan canshuur oo ay ku dabbarto howlaheeda kacdoonka, waxaana ka mid ah ka ganacsiga sharci darrada ah ee daroogada.

Afghanistan waa dalka soo saara opium-ta ugu badan adduunka, taas oo laga sameeyo daroogada heroin.

Iyadoo dakhliga sanadkii ka soo gala dhoofinta daroogadaas lagu qiyaasayWith an estimated annual export value of $1.5-$3bn, opium waa ganacsi weyn, taas oo daboosha inta badan daroogada heroin ee dunida.

Tabcashada Opium ayaa 120,000 shaqo ah ka abuurtay Afghanistan sanadkii 2019, sida ay sheegtay QM

Canshuur 10% ah ayaa laga uruuriyaa beeralleyda opium, sida laga so xigtay saraakiil ka tirsan dowladda Afghanistan.

Canshuurta ayaa la sheegay in sidoo kale laga uruuriyo shaqaalaha opium u beddelaya heroin, iyo sidoo kale ganacsatada dhoofisa daroogada.

Dakhliga Taliban ee daroogadan ayaa lagu qiyaasaa $100m-$400m.

Ka ganacsiga daroogada ayaa 60% ka ah dakhliga sanadkii soo gala Taliban, sida uu sheegay janaraal John Nicholson oo ka tirsan ciidamada Mareykanka.

Balse khubarrada qaar ayaa sheegay in tiradan ay tahay mid laga badbadiyay.

Taliban ayaa aalaaba beeniya inay ku lug leeyihiin ka ganacsiga daroogada, waxayna ku faanaan inay mamnuuceen beerashada opium markii ay xukunka hayeen sanadkii 2000.

3. Ballaarinta deegaannada ay xukumaan

Dalladda dhaqaale ee Taliban ayaa ah mid aan keliya ku ekeyn canshuurta ganacsiga opium.

Warqad furan oo sanadloo 2018, ay soo saareen ayaa Taliban waxay ganacsatada Afghanistan uga digeen inay bixyaan canshuurta badeecooyinka kala duwan – oo ay ka mid yihiin shidaalka iyo qalabka dhismaha – makrii ay ku safrayeen deegaannada ay xukumaan.

Kaddib markii ay meesha ka saareen dowladda Afghanistan, Taliban ayaa haatan xukunta dhammaan ilaha ganacsi ee dalkaas, iyo sidoo kale isu kala gooshidda xudduudaha – iyagoo ilo badan oo muhiim ah oo dakhli ah ka abuuray wax dhoofinta iyo soo dhoofinta.

Labaatankii sano ee ugu dambeeyay, lacag ka timid Galbeedka ayaa si aan ku talo gal ahayn ugu dhaceysay jeebka Taliban.

Ugu horreyn, Taliban ayaa canshuurtay mashaariicda horumarineed iyo kuwa dhisme – oo ay ku jiraan waddooyinka, iskuullada, iyo isbitaallada – oo intooda badan uu Galbeedku maalgeliyo.

Marka labaad, Taliban ayaa loo maleynayaa in tobnaan malaayiin doollar ah ay sanadkii ka sameyso canshuuridda gawaarida xamuulka ee adeegyada u keena ciidamada caalamiga ah kuna sugan qeybo kala duwan oo dalkaas ah.

Waxaa sidoo kale loo maleynayaa inay lacag ka sameeyeen adeegyada ay fidin jirtay dowladdii Afghanistan ee xukunka laga tuuray.

Madaxa shirkadda korontada ee Afghanistan ayaa BBC-da u sheegay in sanadkii 2018 ay Taliban in ka badan $2m ka sameyn jireen inay lacago ku soo dallacaan dadka isticmaala korontada ee ku nool qeybo kala duwan oo dalkaas ah.

Sidoo kale waxaa jiray dakhli ay toos uga sameeyeen dagaalka. Mar walba oo ay Taliban qabsato saldhig militari, waxay kala wareegi jireen dhammaan hubka, gawaarida iyo hantida taalla.

4. Macdanta

Afghanistan waxay qani ku tahay dhagaxaan qaali ah, kuwaas oo uu saameyn ku yeeshay dagaalka. Waaxda macdanta ee Afghanistan ayaa dakhliga sanadkii soo gala lagu qiyaasaa $1bn, sida laga soo xigtay saraakiisha dowladda Afghanistan.

Ganacsigan ayaa gaabis ku socda intiisa badanna si aan sharci ahayn ayaa loo sameeyaa.

Dhagaxaanta Lapis – oo laga sameeyo waxyaabaha qurux ahaan loo xirto – ayaa laga qodaa Afghanistan

Taliban ayaa la wareegtay gacan ku heynta goobaha macdanta laga qodo waxayna lacag ku dallaceen howlaha sharciga ah iyo kuwa aan sharciga ahayn ee ka ganacsiga macdanta.

Warbixintii sanadlaha ee ay soo saareen 2014, ayaa koox baaritaan oo ka tirsan QM waxay ku sheegeen in Taliban ay in ka badan $10m sanadkii ka hesho 25 ilaa 30 howlgallo macdan qodid ah oo sharci darro ah oo ka socday gobolka Helmand

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