Miskiin-Macruuf-Aqiyaar Posted March 5, 2007 I knew Aforomo was a close cousin of Afsoomaali, particularly closer to Afmaay than Afmaxaatiri. However, I did not knew it was this close. It seems every other word is the same as Afsoomaali, even what the Oromos call their language, 'Afan Oromo,' seemingly they have the same meaning the word af as we do. [Mouth/language.] You will see. [PS, it is heavily edited article for the sake of brevity and some words bolded where illustration and a closer-look demands.] ------------- Consonant and vowel phonemes Oromo has another glottalized phone that is more unusual, an implosive retroflex stop, "dh" [our dha too] in Oromo orthography, a sound that is like an English "d" produced with the tongue curled back slightly and with the air drawn in so that a glottal stop is heard before the following vowel begins. Oromo has the typical Southern Cushitic set of five short and five long vowels, indicated in the orthography by doubling the five vowel letters. The difference in length is contrastive, for example, hara 'lake' [har too in Afsoomaali, same meaning], haaraa 'new'. Gemination is also significant in Oromo. That is, consonant length can distinguish words from one another, for example, badaa 'bad', baddaa 'highland'. Grammar [Gender] Except in some southern dialects, there is nothing in the form of most nouns that indicates their gender. A small number of nouns pairs for people, however, end in -]eessa (m.) and -eettii (f.), as do adjectives when they are used as nouns: obboleessa 'brother' [share same meaning with our aboow, which I already knew], obboleettii 'sister', dureessa 'the rich one (m.)', hiyyeettii 'the poor one (f.)'. Grammatical gender normally agrees with biological gender for people and animals; thus nouns such as abbaa 'father' [our abaa/aabo too], ilma 'son' [in Afsoomaali, ilma means kids, instead of sons only], and sangaa 'ox' are masculine, while nouns such as haadha 'mother' and intala 'girl, daughter' are feminine. However, most names for animals do not specify biological gender. [Number] Oromo has singular and plural number, but nouns that refer to multiple entities are not obligatorily plural. That is, if the context is clear, a formally singular noun may refer to multiple entities: nama 'man' [so is in Soomaali nin (in Soomaali, the letter 'm' changes to 'n' when it is the last letter of a word, so it is 'nim;' for examle niman and nimanka)], nama shan, 'five men' [same in Afsoomaali, shan nin]. Another way of looking at this is to treat the "singular" form as unspecified for number. When it is important to make the plurality of a referent clear, the plural form of a noun is used. Noun plurals are formed through the addition of suffixes. The most common plural suffix is -oota; a final vowel is dropped before the suffix, and in the western dialects, the suffix becomes -ota following a syllable with a long vowel: mana 'house' [so is our minan], manoota 'houses', hiriyaa 'friend', hiriyoota 'friends', barsiisaa 'teacher' [we share the base bar (teach), which Oromo word is based on], barsiiso(o)ta 'teachers'. Among the other common plural suffixes are -(w)wan, -een, and -(a)an; the latter two may cause a preceding consonant to be doubled: waggaa 'year' [yep, corresponds our waaga, which roughly means age], waggaawwan 'years', laga 'river', laggeen 'rivers', ilma 'son' [we have already dealt on this one], ilmaan 'sons'. [Case] An Oromo noun has a citation form or base form that is used when the noun is the object of a verb, the object of a preposition or postposition, or a nominal predicative. mana 'house' [we covered this, same with our minan], mana binne 'we bought a house' hamma 'until', dhuma 'end' [yep, corresponds our dhamaad], hamma dhuma 'until (the) end' The nominative is used for nouns that are the subjects of clauses. Ibsaa, man's name, Ibsaan 'Ibsaa (nom.)', makiinaa, qaba 'he has' [aaheey, same meaning of our qabo. Hebel dhar ayuu qabaa as an example.], Ibsaan makiinaa qaba 'Ibsaa has a car' maqaa 'name' [magac, in Afmaay it is magaa same like Aforomo, which, like Afmaay, do not have the letter 'C' or 'ca'], maqaan 'name' (nom.)' afaan 'mouth, language' [so is our af (mouth/language)] (base form or nom.). Personal pronouns Oromo - English - Soomaali Ana - 'I' ---- ani Ati - 'You' ---- adi [singular of 'you' in Oromo.] Asi - 'He' --- asaga Isii - 'She' --- iyada Isin - 'You' --- idinka, in Afmaay it is more closer, which the plural Maay word of 'you' is isiin. [Plural of 'you' in Oromo.] Verb Conjugation Qabda 'you (sg.) have' [close meaning and spelling to our qabtaa/qabo, 'holding/hold'; e.i, maxaa qabtaa?, 'what are you holding?']. Dhugda 'you (sg.) drink' [in Oromo, 'dhug' means drink, close to our dhuuq, which has a closer meaning, 'slurping']. Barra 'we learn' [bar[/b], 'teach;' baranay, 'we learn' Galla 'we enter' [the base word is 'gal,' same meaning with our gal, 'enter'] Verbs whose stems end in two consonants and whose suffix begins with a consonant must insert a vowel to break up the consonants since the language does not permit sequences of three consonants. There are two ways this can happen: either the vowel i is inserted between the stem and the suffix, or the final stem consonants are switched (an example of metathesis) and the vowel a is inserted between them. For example, arg- 'see' [so is our arag], arga 'he sees' [wuu arkaa], argina or agarna 'we see'[arkeynaa in Soomaali]; kolf- 'laugh' [close to qosol], kolfe 'he laughed', kolfite or kofalte 'you (sg.) laughed'. The third person masculine singular, second person singular, and first person plural present forms are shown for an example verb in each class. Dhaga- 'hear' [close to dhago, 'ears;' however in Afmaay, dheeg means hear, also in Afmaxaa but used less frequently, for example: i dhageyso (hear/listen to me)]: dhaga'a 'he hears', dhageessa 'you (sg.) hear', dhageenya 'we hear' (note that the suffix consonants change) The common verbs fedh- 'want' [in Afmaay, fad means 'want' also] and godh- 'do' deviate from the basic conjugation pattern in that long vowels replace the geminated consonants that would result when suffixes beginning with t or n are added: fedha 'he wants', feeta 'you (sg.) want', feena 'we want', feetu 'you (pl.) want', hin feene 'didn't want', etc. -------------- I see it is still a bit long, wali anigoo soo gaabiye. To read more about Afan Oromo, inta riix. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Gabbal Posted March 5, 2007 The Cushitic sub-language family is increasingly being thought of as a sprachbund, or languages that came to be similar to each other because of geographical proximity rather then a common origins. Some southeast Asian languages like Vietnam, Thai, Cambodian and other are like that. The sprachbund theory explains the similarities despite the different origins. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Jacaylbaro Posted March 5, 2007 Woffffffffff ,,, I used to speak Oromo sometime in the past ,,, i guess i forgot that language now ,,, i can still try though ,,,, Gurbaa khanaa ,,,,,, Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Miskiin-Macruuf-Aqiyaar Posted March 25, 2007 See afkeena iskugu dhawyihiin marba marka ka dambeyso waa yaabee. Read on. [Also afka Reer Diinle, a lost Soomaali clan dego north of Gaarisa. Their af waa afka ugu dhaw Afsoomaaliga oo isku shaqal iyo isku wax walba eh, oo taas la yaab ma'aha.] ------------- Meaning: 'say' or 'shout' Soomaali: iyaa [yaah] Oromo (Galla): iyya --------- Meaning: 'crockodile' Soomaali: yaxaas Oromo (Boni): yahaas Rendille (Reer Diinle): yahasi --------- Meaning: 'wild dog' Soomaali: yeey Oromo (Galla): yeeyii Oromo (Boni): yeye Rendille: yaay --------- Meaning: 'light' Soomaali: if/iftiin Oromo (Galla): ifa ----------- Meaning: 'long hair' Soomaali: dab Oromo (Galla): daabee ---------- Meaning: 'back' Soomaali: dhabar Oromo daban ----------- Meaning: 'young bull' Soomaali: dibbi Oromo (Galla): dib-icca ----------- Meaning: 'man' [calling a man] Soomaali: waryaa [waraa] Oromo (Galla): warra -------- Meaning: 'call, invite' Soomaali: waani/waano Oromo (Galla): waama ----------- Meaning: 'hyena' Soomaali: waraabe Oromo (Galla): warab-esa Rendille: waraba ------------- Meaning: 'boy' or 'child' Soomaali: wiil Oromo (Boni): weel ---------- Meaning: 'son, brother' Soomaali: walaal Rendille: walal ------------ Meaning: 'rhinoceros' Soomaali: wiyil Rendille: weyel -------- Meaning: 'fruit of cactus' Soomaali: tin [tiintiin] Oromo (Galla): tini ----------- Meaning: 'spit' Soomaali: tuf Oromo (Galla): tufe ------------ Meaning: 'beat' Soomaali: tun [tuma dadkaas] Oromo (Galla): tuma Rendille: tum --------- Meaning: 'she-goat' Soomaali: ri' Oromo (Galla): ree ----------- Meaning: 'follow' Soomaali: raac Oromo (Boni): raa' Rendille: raah ---------- Meaning: 'run' Soomaali: orod Oromo (Boni): irid Rendille: irid ----------- Meaning: 'womb, uterus' or 'pregnant (of animals)' Soomaali: rimay, riman Oromo (Galla): riimaa Rendille: rim ----------- Meaning: 'rain' Soomaali: roob Oromo (Galla): rooba Oromo (Boni): roob ----------- Meaning: 'cow' Soomaali: sac Oromo (Galla): saa' --------- Meaning: 'lungs' Soomaali: sambab Oromo (Galla): somba --------- Meaning: 'cripple' Soomaali: naafa Oromo (Galla): naafa --------- Meaning: 'breath' or 'soul' or 'life Somali: naf [soul] or neef [breath] Oromo (Boni): nef ---------- Meaning: 'man' Soomaali: nin [niman] Oromo (Galla): nama ---------- Meaning: 'breath' or 'breathe' Soomaali: neefso Oromo (Boni): neefso Rendille: nefsi/nefso ---------- Meaning: 'live long' Soomaali: raage Oromo (Galla): raaga --------- Meaning: 'elephant' Soomaali: maroodi Oromo (Galla): marode --------- Meaning: 'be drunk' Soomaali: [ma cabee], cabid Oromo (Galla): macaw ---------- Meaning: 'family' or people Soomaali: maati [people] Oromo (Galla): maatii [family] --------- Meaning: 'manger' or 'home' Soomaali: moora ['animal shelter'], old homes Oromo (Galla): moora ---------- Meaning: 'herd of cows' Soomaali: lo' Oromo (Galla): loon Rendille: loolyo -------- Meaning: 'hen' Soomaali: luki [lost word, now dooro] Oromo (Galla): lukku --------- Meaning: 'leg, hip' Soomaali: lug Oromo (Galla): luka, lukaa Rendille: lux ---------- Meaning: 'name' Soomaali: magac Oromo (Galla): maqa Rendille: magaca ---------- Meaning: 'house' Soomaali: minan Oromo (Galla): mana, manaa Oromo (Boni): min --------- Meaning: 'bone' Soomaali: laf Oromo (Galla): lafe --------- Meaning: 'companion, relative' Soomaali: lammaan Oromo (Galla): lammii ----------- Meaning: 'heart' or 'chest Soomaali: lab [heart] Oromo (Galla): labb [chest] ----------- Meaning: 'swallow' Soomaali: liqid Oromo (Galla): liqim ----------- Meaning: 'foreskin' [dead skin] Somali: qolof Oromo (Galla): qolofa --------- Meaning: 'cold' Somali: qaboow Oromo (Galla): qabbanawa Rendille: qobo ---------- Meaning: 'young female camel' Somali: qaalin Rendille: qaalim ---------- Meaning: to bite Somali: qaniin Oromo (Galla): qinina ------------ Meaning: 'high mountain, summit' Somali: qar [qarka] Oromo (Galla): qara _________________ To be continued. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Fabregas Posted March 25, 2007 What makes you say the Rendille are a lost Somali clan?Also what does Rendille mean, it sounds like "Reer Diin La"? I think they might be some our ancestors who didn't except Islam? what you thinK M.M.I? Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Miskiin-Macruuf-Aqiyaar Posted March 26, 2007 It is a corrupted word for Reer Diinle. It is Reer Diinle, not diinla'. They translate the meaning of Rendille as 'People of God,' quite the same meaning of Reer Diinle. They speak the closest language to Afsoomaali, down the the same pronunciation, unlike afka Oromada or others. They also practice the closest ancient traditions, some which we've lost, some which we retained to this day. They were possibly an exiled nomadic Soomaali clan. The reason? I don't know. They call themselves the Rendille (meaning the People of God). [so is Reer Diinle.] Hundreds of years ago, a tired and weary group of travelers reached the edge of a great lake. After a long journey across the desert, fueled by the hope of a bright future in a new land, they found themselves trapped at the water's edge. Knowing no way to cross the vast sea and unable to turn back to the dangerous land behind them, they knew that only a miracle could save them. Fortunately, a parting of the great lake had been foretold. When Moses had gathered the Israelites at the shore of the Red Sea it took but the whisper of God and the lifting of a rod to separate it. This was not the Red Sea, however, and this day a mortal offering was required. What was required from this East African nomadic tribe, as the Rendille tell the story, was the life of a male warrior from its most powerful family, the Galborans. As the prophets had foretold, only his death would cause the waters to split. The chosen warrior named Inam (meaning son of Galboran) [same meaning with 'inan' Soomaali word], having embarked with his kinsmen on what would later be called The Great Trek, was not going to let a mere lake hinder their journey across the northern deserts of Kenya. A new home was needed, and a new home they would get. More -------------- Also known as : Rendillé, Randille, Randile, Randali, Reendille, Rendilli. Various subgroups, including the Ilturia and Ariaal (or Ariall). Ethnic group : Eastern Cushites (Rendille-Boni). The Rendille have been mixing with the Nilotic Samburu for many generations, thus rendering the classification somewhat irrelevant. There are also Gabbra and Somali elements, which come from their shared ancestry, and from continued contacts - not always friendly - with them. The Rendille are divided by scholars into two distinct groups, although there's a good deal of confusion about this: the 'true' or northern Rendille, who herd camels, and the southern Rendille, comprising the Ilturia and Ariaal, who also herd cattle, and are closely related to the Samburu. Neighbouring tribes : Borana, Gabbra, Samburu, Somali, Turkana Language : The original Rendille language is related to the Somali languages in the Eastern Cushite family of the Afro-Asiatic languages, but many Rendille now speak Samburu, to whom they are allied. The Ariaal section speak only Samburu, follow Samburu clan groupings and initiation rites. 5-15% of the population are literate, though efforts are being made to increase this. Xigasho The interaction and admixture with the Nilotic Samburu people for centuries acquiring their culture [like wearing the 'red' colour dress] and rendered their physical appearances, though some still look like Soomaali. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Fabregas Posted March 26, 2007 Thanks for the clarification. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Miskiin-Macruuf-Aqiyaar Posted August 16, 2018 In the age of sudden and fierce anti-Oromism in Soomaalida, this thread is a timely reminder of what we share in our respective languages. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Che -Guevara Posted August 16, 2018 3 hours ago, Miskiin-Macruuf-Aqiyaar said: In the age of sudden and fierce anti-Oromism in Soomaalida, this thread is a timely reminder of what we share in our respective languages. You and I share same language, religion and culture but what would that do for you if I am killing you. It is like reminding Yemenis what they have in common with the Gulf Arabs while the Gulf are bombing them to the stone age. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Xaaji Xunjuf Posted August 16, 2018 Che is right speaking a certain tongue doesn't make one close just look at Somalis we fought each other destroyed each other livelihood burned each other villages it means little if some one from the same language kills you or some of from another language. Killing is killing qataalu as reer hargeysa say. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
maakhiri1 Posted August 17, 2018 Nothing unusual, wonder how close semitic languages Amharic and Tigrinya is to Arabic Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
