Go’aanka maxkamada ICJ muxuu ka baddali karaa sahminta shidaalka xadka dalka Somalia iyo Kenya?

[Deeq A.]

Dhagaysiga dacwada muran-badeedka u dhaxeeya Somalia iyo Kenya ayaa mar kale lagu balamay bisha lixaad sanadka 2020.  Kenya waxay ku doodaysaa in xadkeedu uu barbarro la yahay loolka (dhulbaraha = 0). Taasi oo u suurtogalinaysa Kenya inay sheegato dhul-badeed baaxad leh, horayna  u siisay ruqsadii ama shatiyadi baaritaanka macdanta iyo shidaalka shirkado shidaal sida Anadarko Petroleum (USA), Eni (Italy), iyo Statoil (Norwey).  Somaliya waxay ku doodaysaa in xadka u fidsan yahay dhanka koonfur-Bari kuna dhararsan xadkeeda dhulka ay la wadaagto Kenya. Soomaliya iyo Kenya inta la ogyahay waxay ahaayeen daris, muran-badeedka u dhaxeeya wuxuu ku beegmay xili soo saar shidaal ka biloowday badwaynta hindiya gaar ahaan Tanzania iyo Mozampique.

Dhul badeedka, ciida iyo dhagaxa Soomaliya waxay la mid yihiin sida kuwa Mozambique iyo Tanzania, halkaa oo lagu guulaystay in laga soo saaro tiro aad u badan oo gaaska dabiiciga ah.  Horumarka dhanka shidaalka ay sameeyeen Tanzania iyo Mosampique oo ay weheliso xilligii lagu balansanaa in xadaynta iyo astaamaynta xadadka badda Soomaliya iyo Kenya u gudbiyaan Qaramada Midoobay. Kenya oo taas ka faa,iidaysanaysa waxay xadkeeda u fidisay dhanka bariga iyadoo gudaha u gashay biyaha Soomaliya, isla markaana gudoonsiisay shatiyo shirkadaha shidaalka baara.

Sidoo kale, sanadkii 2013, Dawlada Soomaaliya oo Iyana aragtay horumarka Tanzania iyo Mosampique, waxay dib ugu yeertay shirkadihii shidaalka ee shatiyada ama ruqsada ay siisay dawladii hore. Nasiibdarro, dawlada kuma guulaysan inay shirkadaha soo noqdaan. Hayeeshee, dawladu waxay masuuliyada shidaal barista u wakiilatay oo dalaal ka noqday shirkada SOMA Oil & Gas.  Shirkadan waxay ku dhaqaaqday sahan iyo daraasad inay ku samayso badwaynta Hindiya iyada u xilsaartay hawshaasi shirkada Spectrum Geo.

Markii hore, aagga sahan iyo cilmi barista shidaal waxaa loo qorsheeyay inuu ahaado Raaskambooni Ilaa Raascasayr. Nasiibdaro, markii dambe sahanka shidaalka wuxuu ku soo ururay Raaskambooni Ilaa Hobyo, kadib markii dawlada Puntland diiday in degaankeeda biyaha laga hirgaliyo cilmi baaris shidaal. Taasi oo dib u dhac ku noqotay degaanada Puntland, hayeeshee dib u dhigtay muran badeed cusub oo ka dhex dilaaca Soomaliya iyo Yeman.

Bishii Siddeedaad, 2014 ayeey Soomaliya u gudbisay maxkamada aduunka dacwad ka dhan ah Kenya oo la xiriira muran-xadeedka badda. Maxkamadu waxay diiradda saartay laba arrin. Qoraal isfaham ee dhexmaray labada wadan iyo nuxurka qoraalkaa isfahamka. Dawladda Soomaliya waxay ka hortimid sharciyadda ama ansixinta qoraalka isafgarasho. Nasiibdaro, maxkamadu waxay go,aansatay in heshiiska afgarasho uu yahay mid sharci ah. Sidoo kale maxkamaddu waxay ku diiday Kenya nuxurka isafgarasho, una iftiimisay inaysan muuqan wax labada waddan ku heshiiyeen. Waxaa la yaab leh heshiiska isafgarasho inaysan qorin laba wadanba. Heshiiska waxaa qoray oo ka soo shaqeeyay dawlada Norwey oo qayb ka aha gargaarka horumarinta xaga sharciga ee dawladaha soo koraya.

Muranka xad-badeedka ma aha wax ku cusub dunida, waxaana lagu xaliyaa laba dariiq.

1. Heshiis guud oo dhexmara wadamada muransan, kaas oo sal u noqda xuduud badeedka iyo ka faaiidaysiga khayraadka laga heli karo inta ku haraysan xadka. Kenya waxay doorbiday inay jidkaan marto. Hayeeshee Somaiya way ku gacan sayrtay.
2. Maxkamada caalamiga inay go,aamiso, caalamaysana xad-badeedka qaybiya labada wadan iyada oo tibaaxaysa shuruucda qaramada midoobay ee badaha. Soomaliya sidan ayeey doorbiday.

Sida muuqata, waxay u badan tahay in maxkamada caalamiga go,aan ka gaari doonto xadbadeedka labada dal. Go,aanka maxkamada calamiga ah wuxuu noqon doonaa kama dambayn, waajib, iyo qasab hirgalintiisa.  Go,aanka maxkamada ka dib, waxaa suurtagal ah in arinta muran badeedka isku bedesho dirir siyaasadeed lagana dhaxlo isku dhac iyo colaad joogtaa ah.  Sidoo kale waxaa mugdi gali kara mustaqbalka hawsha sahanka iyo baaritaanka shidaalka  laga damacsanyahay in laga hirgaliyo xad-badeedka labada dal. Waxaa is waydiin mudan qorshaha dawlada Somaliya maadaama ay ku soo wajahan yihiin mawjado siyaasadeed oo culculus.

Maxkamadu waxay go,aan kama dambays ah ka gaari doontaa cida hantinaysa aagga lagu qiyaasay 42,000 kilo meter laba jibaaran, laguna tuhunsanyahay  kayd shidaal oo farabadan.  Arimahan oo idil waxay jiho horleh u rogayaan xirrirka labada dal. Waxaa la gaaray xilligii la eegi lahaa caqabadaha, najiijada ama cawaaqibta laga filan karo go,aanka maxkamadda.

Asalka Muran-Badeedka Somaliya Iyo Kenya.

Aagga lagu muransanyahay waxaa lagu qiyaasay 42,000 Km laba jibaaran, taasoo u qaybsami karta qiyaastii ilaa 15 xirmo (blocks). Cabbir ahaan xirmoyinka Soomaliya waa 5,000 Km laba jibaaran (udhigma 1,235,527 Acres /halkii xirmo), runtiina waa mid ka balaaran xirmooyinka caadiga ah. Ceelka badda laga qodo cabbir ahaan inta badan waa 80 Acre ugu yaraan, ugu badnaana 640 acre. Fogaanta u dhaxayn karta ceelasha badda laga qodo qiyaastii waa 0.7-1.5 Km.  Halkii xirmo waxaa laga qodi karaa ilaa 1,400 ceel ugu yaraan. Ceelka shidaalka wax laga macaashi karaa ama uu wax soo saarkiisa socon karaa 30 ilaa 50 sanadood.  Xirmooyinka shidaal ee badda cabbir ahaan way kala duwanyihiin. Wadankan Maraykanka cabbir ahaan waa 23 Km labajibaaran (5,680 acres) xirmadii. Dunida qaarkeed waa ilaa 150 Km labajibaaran (37,066 acres) xeebaha, iyo 750 km labajibaaran (185,330 acres) biyaha fog ama moolka.

Caqabadaha Sharciga Iyo Hawlaha Soo Saarida Shidaalka

Go,aanka maxkamada ka dib, muran-badeedku ma aha mid dhamaan doona. Waxaa dhici karta in go,aanku sababo in Kenya biyo badeedkeedu yaraado, sidaa darteed, maraakiibteeda ay uga baahan karaan ruqsad Soomaaliya iyo Tanzania. Intaa waxaa dheer cabsi hor leh in muran-badeed cusub ka dhex qarxo Kenya iyo Tanzania, Mozambique iyo Tanzania. Dhanka Soomaalya, waqtigan xaadirka ah ma jiro muran-badeed u dhaxeeya Somaliya iyo Yemen, ama Somaliya iyo Jabuuti. Hadii sahan iyo yididiilo shidaal bilaabato waxaa dhici kara inuu muran-badeed horleh dilaaco.

Caqabado badan ayaa marwalba la socda shidaalka laga soo saaro xadka u dhaxeeye laba wadan. Halkaas oo inbadan ka dhacaan dagaalo dhibaato badan reebay sida goobta shidaalka laga soo saaro ee lagu magacaabo “Rumaila Field” oo ku taal Koonfurta Ciraaq, 32 Km u jirta xadka Kuwait. Sidaan la socono shidaalku waa dareere iyo neef ama gaas mana aha shay fadhiya waxuu dhaqdhaqaaqiisa ku xiran yahay caadiska iyo heerkulka aaga uu ku kaydsan yahay. Kuwait waxay qoteen dhulkooda dhanka xadka ciraaq haseyeeshee shidaalka ay soo saarayeen wuxuu ka soo dareerayay inta badan ama ka imanayay Ciraaq. Halkaas waxaa ka dhashay colaad iyo iska horimaad xoogan.  Waan ka dharagsanahay arintan raadka ay reebatay.

Kenya xaq uma laha inay qoddo shidaalna ka soo saarto biyaha Soomaliya. Laakiin hadii Kenya qotaan biyahooda kana soo saaraan shidaal kasoo ka qulqulay dhanka Somaliya, shidaalkaa wuxuu noqanayaa mid ay iyagu leeyihiin.  Inta badan, kaydka shidaalka wuxuu ku fidsan yahay xuduudaha, wadan walbana dhankiisa ayuu ka soo saartaa, taas oo marar badan dhalisa muran, isku dhac iyo dagaal. Sidaa darteed, waddamada dariska ah waxay ku heshiiyaan inay si wada jir ah u hawlgalaan ugana faa,iidaystaan khayraadka ku dherersan xadkooda.

Gunaanad Iyo Talo Bixin

Dacwada muran-badeedka wali waxay taagan tahay bartii Sanadkii 2014. Go,annka maxkamada wuxuu noqon karaa siddex xal midkood, mid u go,aamiya Soomaalya, mid u go,aamiya Kenya, ama in maxkamadu ay calaamayso xadbadeedka rasmiga ah ee labada dal. Waxaa xusid mudan in maxkamada caalamiga ah aysan go,aan ka gaari Karin arimaha shidaalka iyo khayraadka ku fidsan xadka labada dal iyo sidii loo soo saari lahaa.

Kenya baddeeda waxaaa ka socda sahan iyo daraasaad xoogan ay wadaan shirkado shidaal. Xadka labada dal khayraadka ku jira wuxuu la midyahay weel biya ah  oo labada dal dhinacyada ka joogaan. Kenya hadeey  isticalaan tuubo (straw) waxaa hubaal ah weelka biyaha oo idil inay la baxayaan. Xadka dhanka Soomaaliya khayraadkii ku jiray wuxuu noqanayaa mid gura hadaan xilli hore laga faaiidaysan.

Dhulka badeedka lagu muransanyahay wuxuu u dhigmaa in ka yar 1% guud ahaan badda Somaliya. Arintan waxay dabooshay hawlaha ka baaxad wayn ee sahanka iyo barista ka socda wadanka intiisa kale. Sharciga shidaalka wadanka waxaa maalgaliyay deeq bixiyayaasha waxaana qoray qareeno degaankoodu yahay Yurub. Sida aan hubno sharcigan waxa ka buuxa dildilaac badan, ka dhibaato badanaan kara warqadii isfahamka ee u dhaxeeya Kenya iyo Soomaaliya, diyaarisay dawlada Norway. Sharciga shidaalka wuxuu quseeyaa wadanka oo idli halka warqada isfahamka ay ku egtahay xadka Soomaliya iyo Kenya.

Daraasaadka xilligan socda wuxuu salka ku hayaa oo kaliya xulashada bartii la qodi lahaa ama wax laga baari lahaa.  Kadib, waxaa la qodayaa ceel ama dhowr sahmin ah (Appraisal Well) oo lagu darsayo walxaha Meesha ku jira iyo sifahooda. Waa in la arkaa lana cadeeya waxa meeshaa ku jira inay yihiin dareere (liquid/oil) ama gaas. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa in kaydka meeshaa ku jira uu ganacsi gali karo, la ogyahay bartii laga dhoofin lahaa iyo suuqii la gayn lahaa. Intaa kadib ayaa la oran karaa wadanku wuxuu leeyahay kayd shidaal oo la hubo (prove reserve). Sidaa darteed, maanta lama hubo in wadanku leeyahay kayd shidaal oo ganacsi gali-kara.

Wadanku malaha hay’ado iyo xarumo lagu barto culuunta shidaalka. Maadaama ay jirto yididiilo fiican waxaa haboon in la diyaariyo dhalintii hawshan balaadhan qaban lahayd mustaqbalka. Hadii lagu guul-daraysto arintan, waxaa marar badan dhici doona wixii ka dhacay Dooxada Dharoor (Dharoor valley).

W/Q: Dr. Ahmed Ali Yusuf

Dr. Ahmed Ali Yusuf is a Senior Reservoir advisor, working in Houston, TX. Specialize reservoir management, reserve estimate, field development, reservoir modelling, production forecast, and production optimization. His professional background includes major oil and gas operators, oil field service companies and in academia. In addition, he is a licensed engineer in state of Texas, he fulfils roles of Consultant, Reservoir Engineer, Petroleum Engineer, Production Optimization Engineer, and well Stimulation Expert.

Dr. Yusuf obtained: B.S industrial Engineering from Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences in Finland, M.S. in Offshore Oil & Gas Technology from Alborg University, Denmark, M.S. in Petroleum Engineering from West Virginia University, USA, and Ph.D. in Petroleum Engineering from West Virginia University, USA.