^Ayoub, there's been tons of back and forth arguments on the Erigavo issue and I am not going to swerve this thread from its intended subject. I refrain from it because it carries strong tribal connotation and hence the deterioration of the quality of our debate. I, however, acknowledge your mayoral claim though it might not be a reasonable answer to who owns the city in the absence of a government of national union. You know very well that Somalia today is governed by our political relations and loyalty to one' s clan and territory - calcified by centuries of harmonious coexistance and times of War and Peace. You're known to be neutral unlike my belligerent and delusional seperatist friends. Even a person from as far as Gaashaamo had had the audacity to claim ownership of Erigavo and exclude others who had been there for centuries. lol

What is government? How disappointing that our learned folks can't even grasp the credible and legitimate points the president is making. President Yusuf, a savvy and sophisticated strategist, is right to the point. Government = Cabinet, and as of now , of course there is no government. He has the political mandate to approve of the new cabinet. His refusal would sure send the naive PM back and he MUST make the necessary changes needed for this new government to be fair, representative and legitimate to the Somali people.

^I know Ceerigabo's people have kept stable environment and do heavily intermarry with one another but I meant by its traditional ownership. Historically Erigavo as a territory did fall under the seperatist clans' territory but it wasn't since the Sultan of Makhir's rule expanded into Erigavo as far as Mait and Garadag that the city grew and officially held a shared status. I mean his sultanate, according to colonial documents, reached GarAdag. In post civil war, the city's demographics have changed and control over it became a disputed issue.

Maxaa ku dhacay seyladaha maaliyadda Mareeykanka? W/Q Maxamed Dalamr Nov 14, 2008 Sida lala wada socdo waxaa maanta adduunka ka taagan dhibaato dhaqaale oo aad u qotodheer. Waxaa jahawareer ku dhacay seyladaha maaliyadda (stock exchange) ee adduunkoo idil iyadoo qarka loo saaran yahay inuu dumo hannaanka maaliyadeed ee caalamiga ah. Waxaa kacay oo musallifay bankiyo iyo shirkado waaweyn oo hanti iyo magac weynba lahaa. Hay’adda Lacagaha Adduunka “IMF” waxay ku tilmaantay dhibaatadaan maaliyadeed tii ugu weyneyd ee adduunka soo marta markii laga reebo dhibaatadii dhaqaale ee weyneyd (depression) ee adduunka ku habsatay sanooyinkii 1930maadkii. “Tanoo kale qarnigiiba marbay dhacdaa”, ayuu yiri Alan Greenspan, oo ahaa guddoomiyihii hore ee bankiga dhexe ee Maraykanka (Federal Reserve Bank). Maxaa sababay dhibaatadan sidaas u culus? Waxaan isku dayayaa inaan qaybahaan hoose ku qaadaadhigo asbaabihii keenay dhibaatadan iyo heerarka ay soo martay. Haddaanse, in yar oo hordhac ah ka hormariyo, waxaa dhibaatadaan loo aaneynayaa qar-isk-tuurka iyo qayrul-mas’uulnimada hay’adaha maaliyadda ee Maraykanka oo sida muuqata halis galiyey dhaqaalaha aduunkoo idil, aragtida dhaqaale ee ka dhanqan gashay carriga Maraykanka laga bilaabo sanooyinkii 1980maadkii oo uu hormuud u ahaa, sida la xusuusto, madaxweeyne Ronald Reagan, aragtidaas oo qabta in suuqa la xoreeyo oo laga madaxbannaaneeyo wax kasta oo kormeer iyo ilaalin ah iyo dhaqaalaha Mareykanka oo 25tii sano ee ugu dambeeysey ku tiirsanaa deeyn, dallaalnimo iyo damac. Marka hore, bal aan isla fahamno laba eray oo soo noq noqon doona. Labadaas eray waa “recession” iyo “depression”. Ereyga “recession” waxaa la adeegsada markii dhaqaaluhu hoos ugu dhaco muddo ka badan lix bilood, waxaan halbeeg loo qaata waxsoosaarka guud ee dalka “Gross Domestic Product” (GDP). Tusaale, “recession”kii 1990-1991 wuxuu socday 9 bilood, wuxuuna sababay hoos-u-dhac dhan 1.5% ee “GDP”. “Depression” waa markii dhaqaaluhu hoos ugu dhaco in ka badan 10%. Tusaale, “depression”kii dhacay 1929-1933 wuxuu sababay hoos-u-dhac dhan 33% ee “GDP”. Sababta mar kasta tusaale loogu soo qaato “depression”kii 1929-1933, loogana cabsado waxay tahay, waxaa waagaas dhacay hoos-u-dhac dhaqaale oo lagu ba’ay oo sababay gaajo, shaqo la’aan, saboolnimo, diihaal, darxumo iwm. Depression’kaas ayaa loo tiriyaa inuu mas’uul ka ahaa Dagaalkii Adduunweynaha ee Labaad. Sidaas ayuu halis u yahay “depression”ku Bilowgii mashaakilka. Waxaa dhibaatadan dhaqaale ee hadda socota lagu misleeyaa sidii buufin la afuufay oo qarxay (bubble). Si buufinkaan loo fahmo waa inaan gadaal ugu noqonnaa sanooyinkii 1999 iyo 2000. Waa xilligii la afuufay buufin kale (dot.com bubble). Isla bankiyada ka dambeeyey dhibaatadaan ayaa taasna sabab u ahaa. Waxaa la dhisay ilaa 500 shirkadood oo la yiri farasamada cusub ee internetka ayey hirgalinayaan oo iyagoo weli aan waxsoosaar samayn la sii kala gatay saamiyadoodii, la sii buunbuuniyey qiimahoodii ilaa uu buufinkii qarxay. Waxaa ka sii horreeyey qaraxii buufinkii ugu weeynaa ee 1929 “stock market crash of 1929” oo isaguna ka dhashay qiimaha saamiyada oo la buunbuuniyey oo la buufiyey, ka dibna qarxaday. Ka dib, markii buufinkii “dot.com bubble” uu qarxay sanadkii 2000, dhacdadii 9/11na ay ka dambeysey, ayaa Federal Reserve Bank uu heerka dulsaarka (interest rate) si isdabajooka ah hoos ugu dhigay min 6.5% sanadkii 2001 ilaa uu gaarsiiyey 1% sanadkii 2004, oo ah heerkii ugu hooseeyey 45tii sano ee ugu dambeeysey. Waxaa siyaasaddaas lacageed hirgeliyey Alan Greenspan, Guddoomiyihii hore ee bankiga dhexe ee Maraykanka, ujeedadiisuna waxay ahayd inuu ka hortago hoos-u-dhac dhaqaale (recession). Alan Greenspan waxaa wagaas loo haystay nin cabqari ah, macallin maskax badan (maestro), uur-ku-baale og wixii dhaqaalaha ku soo aadan. Haseyeeshee, hadda waxaa loo arkaa inuu qayb ku lahaa dhibaatada dhaqaale ee hadda taagan isagoo ka gaabsaday inuu xakameeyo hawlaha sharcidarrada ah ee hay’adaha maaliyadda Maraykanku ku dhaqmayeen sanooyin badan. Isaga oo ahaa guddoomiyaha bankiga dhexe, ayaa laga rabay inuu kormeero bankiyada iyo hay’adaha maaliyadda mase uusan yeelin sidaas, waayo isga naftiisu wuxuu ka mid ahaa kooxda aaminsan in suuq xorta ahi uu mar kasta sax yahay, faragelinta dawladduna ay mar kasta khaldan tahay. Dulsaarka la yareeyey wuxuu dhiirrigeliyey dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaalaha. Xagga guryaha waxaa hoos u dhacay dulsaarka amaahda guryaha (mortgage), oo sababay in dalabka guryuhu bato, ka dibna qiimahoodu kaco. Bankiyada oo lacag badan oo naqdi ah helay ayaa bilaabay inay fursaddaas ka faa’iideeystaan, waxayna hindiseen hab maaliyadeed cusub oo aan hoos ku tilmaami doono. Waagii hore markaad guri iibsanaysid banki ayaad morgej ka qaadaneysey. Bankigu amaahda ayuu ku siinayey adiguna bil kasta waxaad bixineysey haftooyin ka kooban dulsaarkii iyo lafihii (principal). Habkaan cusubi wuxuu deynkaagii ka dhigay sidii badeeco suuqa lagu kala iibsanayo. Bankigii guriga kuu maalgeliyey wuxuu deynkaagii ka gaday Banki maalgalineed (investment bank), bankigii maalgalintuna kumaankum diyuun ah ayuu isku dhafay oo sarrifay, oo uu u rogay warqado maaliyadeed oo qiima go’an leh (Mortgage-backed securities), oo ka gaday adduunkoo idil, dawlado, shirkado, dadweeyne, hay’adaha maamulaha lacagaha hawlgabka iwm. Meeshii awal hal banki iyo hal deeyn-qabe ay macaamili jireen, hadda waxaa beddeley silsilad isku xiran oo ka kooban qofkii morgejka qaatay, bankiga ugu horreeya oo amaahiyey, bankiga weeyn oo kala wareegay iyo dadka iyo hay’adaha laga gaday waraaq-maaliyeedka oo adduunkoo idil ku firiqsan. Ogoow, waxa lagu xisaabtamayaa oo la kala gadanayaa waa lacagta dulsaarka ah iyo lafaha uu bixin doono qofka morgejka qaatay. Warqad-maaliyeed waa shahaado kuu ballaanqaadeeysa in maalgelintaadu kuu dhaleyso lacag go’an iyo waqti go’an (bille ama sanadle iwm.), isla-marahaantaasna aad suuqa ka gadi kartid haddaad u baahatid (secondary market). Waxaa warqad-maaliyeed ka mid ah “bonds”, saamiyada shirkadaha, iwm. Habkaan cusubi wuxuu keenay inay bankiyadii morgejka bixin jirey helaan hanti hor leh. Ka dib, waxay bilaabeen inay amaah siiyaan dad badan oo aan awood u lahayn inay deyn bixiyaan. Waa dad aan buuxin karin shuruudaha amaah-bixinta, sabatoo ah dakhligooda oo aad u hooseeya iyo iyagoo aan lahayn taariikh deyn-gudid (credit history). Waa dad heerka kalsoonidoodu hooseyso, oo lagu dabaqo heer dulsaar oo ka sarreeya kan caadiga ah, loona yaqaan (subprime loans). Sanooyinkii 2002 ila 2005, bankiyada maalgeliya morgejka waxay si qayrul-mas’uulnimo ah u bixiyeen amaah xad-dhaaf ah oo la siiyey dad danyar ah oo qaarkood dalka ku cusub yihiin. Dadkaas waxaa lagu khalday, inkastoo iyaga naftooda hunguri qaaday, habka loo farsameyey morgjeka oo ah inayan wax lacag ah bixinayn labada sano ee hore. Waxaa qarsoon oo aan loo sheegin in dulsaarku noqonayo mid isrogrogaya (adjustable) oo la socda suuqa. Caadiyan morgejka waxaa lagu qaataa heer dulsaar oo xadidan (fixed). Morgejyada noocaan ah waxaa loo bixiyey NINJA loans (no income, no jobs, no asset) oo micnaheedu yahay qofka qaadanaya morgejka lama weeydiineyn inuu dakhli, ama shaqo, ama hanti leeyahay. Sida muuqata, shirkadaha, bankiyada iyo dullaaleeyda ka mushtara morgejka muraadba kama lahayn in deyntaas la bixin doono iyo in kale. Waxaa u darnaa oo keliya inay helaan faa’iido iyo khidmad xad-dhaaf ah. Sidaan kor ku xusnay, morgejyadaas “subprime” waxaa laga gaday bankiyada maalgelinta, iyaguna waxay ka gadeen addunweynaha. Waxay ku soo aaday waqti ay hay’ado, dalal iyo dad badan oo addunweeynaha ka tirsani ay heystaan kayd badan ooy baadigoobayaan meel ay ku maalgashadaan. Waxaa dadkaas soo jiitay oo hoday warbixinta shirkadaha maalgelinta qiimeeya (credit rating agencies), oo warqad-maaliyeedyada ku qiimeeyey inay yihiin maalgelin sugan oo daraja kowaad ah (AAA), lana mid ah, xagga ammaanka, warqadaha khasnadda dawladda Maraykanka (treasury bills), laakiinse ka faa’iido badan madaama dulsaarkoodu ka sarreyo kan dawladdu bixiso. Waxaa furmay dhuumo lacag ah oo loo jiheeyey morgejka “subprime”. Waxaa jirey dad ka digey khatarta ka imaan karta sida loo maamulayo morgejyada “subprime”, laakiinse dheg looma jalaqsiin, waayo shirkadaha morgejka bixiya, kuwa guryaha dhisa, kuwa firaasha, kuwa dullaala, bankiya maalgeliya, dhammaan waxaa lagu jirey baadhi, mana aayan rabin in laga dhabqiyo ciyaarta. Ninkii deyn cunay baluu ka dibiray Dabayaaqdii sanadkii 2004 ayaa Federal Reserve Bank bilaabay inuu kor u qaado heerka dulsaarka ila uu gaarsiiyey 5.25% sanadkii 2006 si looga hortago sicirbarar. Dulsaarka la kordhieyey wuxuu sababay in kharashka morgejku bato ka dibna saameeyo dalabaadkii guryaha. Isla marahaantaas waxaa la garay xilligii dad badan oo qaatay morgejka “subprime” ay bixin lahaayeen haftooyinkii ugu horreeyey iyo dulsaarkii, oo hadda labanlaabmay illeyn suuqa ayuu la socdaaye. Waxaa dhacaday in dadkaas, oo aan awalba hanti iyo dakhli fiican lahayn, ay awoodi waayaan inay bixiyaan deynta ku dhacday (default), sidaas daraadeedna guryihii lagala wareego (foreclosures). Waxaa kaloo dhacday in guryihii lala wareegay, oo hadda dalabkoodii yaraaday, la gadi kari waayey oo waliba qiimahoodii hoos u sii dhaco maalinba maalinta ka dambeeysa. Xaaladda waxaa sii xumeeyey sicirka saliidda iyo cuntada oo kor u kacay, sababayna in dad badan oo morgej caadi ah qaatay ay iyaguna bixiwaayeen deeyntii duruufahaas daraadood. Tusaale ahaan, tirada guryaha lala wareegay sanadkii 2007 waxa lagu qiyaasay ilaa 1.7 milyan guri. Xaaladuna waa ka sii dartay Sanadkaan 2008. Ka dib, markii deyntii la bixin waayey, waxaa mar qura qiimobeelay oo sidii xumbo shiiqay balaayiin maalgelin ah oo la xiriirtay amaahda morgejka. Waxaa khasaaray boqollaal bankiyada yar yar oo ah kuwa morgejka bixiyey. Waxaa khasaaray bankiyadii waaweeynaa ee maalgelinta oo ku waayeye hanti dhan $435 bilyan inta ay qirteen. Waxaa kaloo khasaaray cid alle ciddii haysatay warqad-maaliyeedyadii laga sanifay morgejka oo adduunkoo idil ku kala firiqsan. Khasaaraha ka dhashay morgejka “subprime” waxay Hay’adda IMF ku qiyaastay $1.3 trilyan. Si loo fahmo sida dhibaatadaani u sameeysey adduunweynaha, waxaan tusaale u soo soo qaadan karnaa dawlad hoose oo magaalo yar oo Japan ku taal oo ku khasaartay $1 milyan oo ah kaydkii lagu arkay oo ku khasbay inay hawlihii magaalada joogsadaan. Wax badso wax beelbay leedahay. Qorshayalka badbaadinta Khasaarihii ka dhashay morgejyada “subprime” wuxuu sidii sunaami ugu dhuftay seyladaha maaliyadda ee adduunka, wuxuuna argagax ku riday bankiyada iyo mas’uuliyiinta adduunkoo idil. Tusaale ahaan, bishii Setembar 2008, laba toddobaad gudahood ayaa dawladda Maraykanku waxay ku khasbanaatay inay badbaadiso shirkadda caymiska ee adduunka ugu weeyn AIG oo amaahisey $85 bilyan. Waxay qarameeysay labadii hay’adood ee ugu weeynaa ee ammahda guryaha maalgelin jirey, oo kala ah Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) iyo Federal National Mortgage Associaltion (Fannie Mae) ooy ku maalgelisey $200 bilyan. Laba banki oo ah kuwa ugu waweeyn bankiyada maalgelinta ayaa midna musallifay mid kalena dawladduu gargaar u fidisey. Sido kale, dawladaha Yurub ayaa deg deg ula tacaalay bankiyadooda oo qaarna qarameeyey, qaar kalena taageero u fidiyey. Waxaa qarxay buufinkii morgejka oo galaaftay adduunkoo idil. Khasaarihii ka dhasahay morgejka “subprime” wuxuu saameeyey suuqa amaahda. Waxaa abuurmay cabsi iyo shaki ay kala qabaan bankiyadu iyagoo joojiyey amaahdii dhexdooda, sababtoo ah waxaan la aqoon cadada morgejyada “subprime” ee suuqa ku jira iyo cidda haysata. Waxaa cabsida abuuray bankiyo badan oo deeyn qabay oo musallifay. Tusaalahaan, Bankiga Lehman Brothers oo musallifay wuxuu qabay deeyn gaareeysa ilaa $700 bilyan oo uu ku maalgaliyey “subprime loans”, raasumaalkiisuna wuxuu ahaa $23 bilyan oo keliya. Kalsoonidarradaas iyo bankiyada oo raasumaalkoodu gubtay ayaa waxay dhalisay in habka amaahdu gebiahaanba xirmo, ka dibna, dhibaatadii maaliyadeed ee ka bilaabatay morgejka ay u gudubto qaybaha kale ee dhaqaalaha. Sida la ogsoon yahay, amaahdu waa halbowlaha dhiigga u kala qaybiya qaybaha dhaqalaha, hadday xirantana waxaa istaagaya dhaqaalaha. Waxaa yaraanaya waxyaabihii la iibsanayey ama la kharash gareeynayey “consumption” oo ammahda ku xiran. Haddii kharashku yaraadana waxaa khasaaraya warshadaha, beeraleyda, ganacsatada oo shaqaalaha dhimaya. Haddii taasi dhacdana, waxaa hoos u dhacaya waxsoosaarkii, waxaana ugu dambeeyntii burburaya dhaqaalaha sidii dhacday 1930maadkii. Si loo badbaadiyo dhaqaalaha waxay dawladda Maraykanku u qoondeeysey lacag dhan $700 bilyan oo loogu talagalay in bankiyada lagaga iibsado diyuunta qiima dhacday ee “subprime loans” ee miisaaniyadda ugu jirta. Qorshahaasi wuxuu noqday mid aad loo dhaliilay oo ka careeysiiyey dadweynaha Maraykanka waayo waxay dawladdu la wareegeeysaa diyuuntii xumaatay oo aan qiimohooda la aqoon. Waxaa ka fiicnaa, oo markii dambe xitaa dawladda Maraykanku aqbashay, qorshaha dawladda Ingiriiska oo ahaa in dawladdu raasumaal gashato bankiyada oo saamile ka noqoto. Sida lala socdo, bankiyadu markay ku khasaareen diyuunta morgejka waxaa yaraaday saldhiggii raasumaalkooda, waxaana wiiqantay awoodoodii amah-bixinta. In kastoo la qaaday tillaabooyin badan, haddana waxaa xasili waayey seyladaha maaliyadda (stock exchange). Waxaa socda kulamo heer gobol iyo heer caalami ah oo arrintaan lagaga arrinsanayo. Sanooyinkii 1989-1990, waxaa Soomaaliya ka dhacay dhibaato maaliyadeed oo aan tan Maraykanka ka dhicin inkastoo labada dhaqaale aad u kala duwan yihiin. Bankiga Kaydka iyo Ganacsiga Soomaaliyeed oo ahaa bankiga ganacsiyeed oo keliya oo waagaas dalka ka jirey ayaa wuxuu bixiyey amah xad-dhaaf ah oo aan loo meeldayin. Amaahdaas waxaa la siiyey dad badan oo aan wax dammaanad ah haysan. Ma ahayn amaah loogu talagalay in guryo lagu dhisto ama hawlo ganacsi lagu maalgeliyo. Waxay ahayd amaah loo bixiyey si sharcidarro ah oo qayrul-maa’uulnimo ah oo lagu tilmaami karo boob ama booli qaran. Amaahdaas oo balaayiin shilin Soomaali ah waxaa lagu bixiyey jeegag wareega ( waa warqard-maaliyeedda Soomaaliya). Jeegaggi waxaa lagu gaday suuqa Bakaaraha ( waa stock exchange ee Soomaaliya). Dhibaatadaasi waxay burburisey habkii lacagta iyo maaliyadda Soomaaliyeed. Waxaa qiimadhacay oo baaba’ay shilin soomaaligii, waxaana xirmay Bankigii Kaydka iyo Ganacsiga Soomaaliyed. Dhibaato dhaqaale ama siyaasadeed waa ku dhacdaa wadan kasta, innaguse waxaan quruumaha kale kaga duwannahay mashaakilkeena wax kama qabanno ee iyagaa wax inaka qabta. Waxaan isleeyahay, waana khaldanaan karaa, burburkii dawladdii Soomaaliya waxaa sababay dhibaatadii maaliyadeed iyo dhaqaale oo wax laga qaban waayey, bal la sii huriyey ilaa ay burburisey qarankii. Maxaa ka dambeeyn doona? Maxay raad ah ooy reebi doontaa dhibaatadaan dhaqaale ee gilgishay adduunkoo idil. Kow, waxaa la iskuraacsan yahay inuu dhici doono hoos-u-dhac dhaqaale “recession” oo dhowr sano socda oo adduunkoo idil ku habsada. Haseyeeshee, waxaa la filayaa in hos-u-dhacaasi uusan noqon doonin mid aad u waxyeelo badan sidii “depression”kii 1929-1930. Halka dhibaatada dhaqaale ee hadda taagan ay ka bilaabatay morgejka guryaha, waagaas dhibaatadu waxay ka bilaabatay saamiyada shirkadaha oo qiimahooda la buufiyey ilaa buufinkii uu qarxo. Maalin talaado ah oo loo bixiyey talaadadii madoobay (black Tuesday) 29 Oktoobar 1929 ayaa “stock exchange” qarxay, illeyn waxa la kala gadanayey waxay ahayeen waraaqo (saamiyo) aan xiriir la lahayn xaaladda dhaqaale ee shirkadaha lahaa saamiyadaas, waxa wax lagu gadanayaana waxay ahaayeen deeyn. Waxa dhibaatada sii dabadheereeyey oo sii xumeeyey laba khalad oo waagaas la galay, haddase laga gaashaamanayo. Labadaas khalad waxay ahaayeen: 1) Federal Reserve Bank oo lacagta xannibay oo suuqa ku yareeyey naqdiga (liquidity) iyadoo lagu jiro xilli hoos-u-dhac dhaqaale, iyo 2) isagoo aan wax taageero ah u fidin bankiyaddi talaabeeysnaa. Waxaa xusid mudan in guddoomiyaha Federal Reserve Bank, Ben Bernanke uu yahay aqoonyahan dhaqaae oo si gaar ah u darsay “depression”kii 1929- 1930 oo iska ilaalin doona inuu galo khaldyadii hore. Waxaa kaloo hadda jira barnaamijyo aan wagaas jirin oo yareynaya dhibaatda sida caymiska shaqo la’aanta (unemployment insurance), caymiska kaydka bankiyada (deposit insurance), gargaarka bulshada (welfare) iwm. Tan labaad, waxaa fashilmay aragtidii ku dhisnayd suuqa xorta ah oo 25tii sano ee ugu dambeeysey ka talinaysey dalka Maraykana. Waxaa beenoowday in suuqa oo seetada loo siidaayo uu isagu iskiis isu saxayo oo aan loo baahnayn xeerar haga. Waddamadii lahaa xeerar ay ku ilaaliyaan bankiyadooda ayaa dhibaatada ugu yar soo gaartay. Haseyeeshee, taa micnaheedu ma aha in la diidan yahay suuqa. Waxa guuldarreystay waa aragtida kuwa loogu yeeray Asalraacayaasha Suuqa “market fundamalists” oo caqiido ahaan u aaminsan suuqa, kana soo horjeeda in la sameeyo xeerar xakameeya hawlaha seyladaha maaliyadda (deregulation). Aragtidaasi hadda waxay u egtahay mid dib u guraneeysa. Waxaa la yaab leh, dawladda Maraykanka oo adduunka, siiba dalalka soo-koraya, ku dirqin jirtey inay gebiahaanba furfuraan dhaqaalahooda ayaa hadda dantu ku kalliftay inay qarameeyso bankiyadeeda sidii dawlad hantiwadaag ah oo kale. Wajigabax ayaa ku dhacay dawladda Maraykanka. Tan saddexaad, dadka indha indheeya siyaasadda adduunka ayaa waxay qabaan in dhibaatadaan dhaqaale ay horsed u tahay jabka imbaradooriyadda Maraykanka. Wasiirka Maaliyadda dawladda Jarmalka Per Steinbruker ayaa saadaaliyey in Maraykanku uu dhumin doono kaalintiissi ahayd hoggaamiyaha maaliyadda adduunka. John Grey oo ah filosoof Ingiriis ah ayaa isaguna ku tilmaamay dhulgariirkaan dhaqaale waqti kalaguur ah oo isbeddel taariikhi ah ku sameeyn doona misaanka awoodda adduunka. “Xilligii uu Maraykanku addunka ku amar-ku-taagleeyn jirey wuu dhammaaday” ayuu yiri John Grey. Laba arrimood oo quwadihii ka horreeyey dumiyey ayaa Maraykankana majaxaabin doona: waa dagaal iyo deeyn. Sidaan la soconno, waxaa hadda dawladda Maraykanka ku furan dagaallada Ciraaq iyo Afghanistaan oo ugu kacay kharash aan xad lahayn. Waxaad ku dartaa ciidanka Maraykanka ooy ku baxdo kharash isagana aan tiradiisa la soo koobi Karin. Badi kharshyadaas waxay dawladda Maraykanku ku ****oshaa deeyn ay dibedda ka hesho. Deyntaasuna, hadda ka dib, waa yaraan doontaa iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay jabka ku dhacay sayladda maaliyadda Maraykanka. Haddii si kale loo dhigo, waxaa la oran karaa waxaa qarxay “credit car” kii Maraykanka; sidaas daraadeedna waxaa adkaan doontaa in dawladda Maraykanku hesho maalgelintii faraha badnayd oo dibedda uga imaan jirtey. Haddii maalgelintaas la waayana, waxaa khasab noqoneysa in dawladda Maraykanku is uruuriso oo kharashka ciidamadeeda dhinto. Haddii taasi dhacdana, waxaa meesha ka baxaya kaalinteedii ahayd quawada adduunka ugu xoog weeyn (superpower). Haseyeeshe, waxaa la yiraahdaa Maraykanku waxay leeyihiin awood ballaaran ooy dib isugu habeeyaan, uguna soo kacaan. Taas waxaa daliil u ah doorashada madaxweeynaha cusub ee Maraykanka Mudane Baraka Obama oo la rajeeynayo inuu wax weyn ka beddelo siyaasadda dalkaas. Si kastaba ha ahaate, Maraykanku wuxuu, hadda ka dib, la xisaabtmayaa adduun isbeddelay oo taladu baahsan tahay. Maxamed Dalmar Email:mdalmar@sympatico.ca ---------------------- Qoraale hore oo oo la xidhiidha dhaqaalaha Taariikhda Lacagaha ________________________ Xigasho Kevin Phillips, Bad Money, Reckless Finance, Failed Politics, And The Global Crisis of American Capitalism ( Penguin Group USA 2008) Joh Gray, “A shattering moment in America’s fall from power”, The Observor, Sunday September 28, 2008. Ramesh Thakur “Don’t Bet Against the United States, Even Now”, The Ottawa Citizen, October 27, 2008. Paul Krugman, Innovating our way to Financial Crisis, New York Times, December 3, 2007 Jeffrey D. Sachs, How to Fix the U.S. Financial Crisis, Scientific American, October 8, 2008 Jim Randle “What’s Behind the US Financial Meltdown,” www.voanews.com Saciid Cali Shire, Jahawareerka dhaqaalaha Aduunka: Maxaa sababay sideese loo xallin karaa Abdulqani Hussein Mohamed Albadar, Fuuq-baxa Suuqyada Maaliyadeed ee maraykanka (q.1aad).

It's an enrichment Somali market report that gives us an indepth analysis of the Financial meltdown. It's well-written, academic and extensively researched report and it gives you a deep insight of the financial crisis. Though I knew most of the reading content, overviewing it in my mother tongue was refreshing and captivating. I hope you enjoy reading it. Assets = raasumaal Adjustable rate = dulsaarka isrogroga Gross Domestic Product = Waxsoosaarka Guud e Dalka Recession = Hoos u dhac dhaqaale Mortgage = Morgej ama dulsaarka amaahda guryaha Fixed rate = dulsaar xadidan Bankruptcy = Musilifid Liquidity = naqdi Treasury bills Warqadaha qasnada dowlada Inflation sicir barar Production waxsoosaar Commercial and Reserve Bank of Somalia Bankiga Keydka iyo Ganacsiga Soomaliya

Ngonge, what I like about some Nomads is that they don't take the words on this forum as serious that leads to a rupture in relations. You can agree to disagree and still maintain a modicum of decorum and the hunger to always search for a common ground and understanding. Many Nomads have become irascible nd emotional to the extent that they sometimes go on a hunger strike for days. lol You and Xiin and some nomads have this unique capacity to engage in every issue and get along with everyone.

General Duke, Erigavo has remained calm and peaceful for a decade because of the grand reconciliation agreement which demarcated the city into half, but the General does not want to agitate the fragile peace of that city. I think this is a strategic decision for him.

First of all, Col. Jibriil had never managed to win local support or legitimate sanction from the Council of Elders for his initiatives but the project gained Diaspora approval, first as a political grievance against Ade Muse administration which had engaged in several but abortive expeditions to exploit the metallic and oil resources of Sanaag and western Bari to which the Maakhirins largely inhabit. His expeditions failed due to the lack of public consent besides reservations made by the administration in Sanaag due to the environmental, financial and strategic flaws of the deal Ade signed with Australian and Canadian companies. Of the labyrinthine issues of Somalia, Sanaag has largely remained outside the influence of the secessionists and it's directly connected to Bosaso both in commerce and defense, and the locals regard the city as one of their own, contributing mainly to its rise as one of the prosperous cities of Somalia. You can tell the marked difference between Jibrel and Gen. Ilkajir. One has the solid support of not only Maakhirians but Puntlanders as well. He went to the region and transformed it, building up its military capacity and civil society while enhancing its status as a region that is part and parcel of Somalia. What that entails I might ask is that Sanag/Makhir region will always maintain its autonomous status despite the claims and saber-rattling of the separatists. The locals have made considerable effort at preserving the fragile stability of their territories. For instance, the separatist’s naked aggression of the city Dhahar was totally reversed in Maakhir's favor, even leading to the ignominious sacking of Somaliland's Defense Minister. Well the declaration of Maakhir State preceded the capture of Las Anod. Some regional experts argue the declaration had a negative effect on the Puntland's grip of Las Anod. Jibriil's project didn't however materialize to its full bloom because majority feared he was a self-serving individual, but it roused the Sanaagians and warned the entities surrounding it that Maakhir was a force to reckon with.

The upcoming election will be the test of time.

It's political conspiracy but shall we be kind enough to grant it a grain of truth into its content, i would say the exclusion of 30 or so members of *** from the Northwestern Somalia defies the formula of 4.5 rule and the implementation of a federal Somalia as a solution shall be dead. It will take a new movement for this end of centralized government ; the closest group being the convergence of the various Islamic groups as a robust front once again. The bogus content the article champions also seems to suggest two incompatible and conflicting proposed amendments of the constitution. Rendering the executive power of Abdullahi Yusuf as a ceremonial to be replaced by the current prime minister is invalidated by his suggestion that it's the deputy prime minister that the ultimate power of the new government will rest on based on his sub-clan, wrongly believed to have mounted the biggest bulk of the resistance to Ethiopia's occupation and thus their compensation for a failing policy. Face Saving! Another TNG of AbdiQaasim? I cachinnated

Originally posted by xiinfaniin: I think a lot of Muslims tend to underestimate the power of integration, and what Muslims could be within the community they live in. ! [/QB] Good point xiin.

Originally posted by Ms DD: Inaan soo xansad ayaa rabaa horta before afka aan iska ceebeyn..but would i be far off, if i was to say around sanaag area,laas caanood? Just throwing few ideas.. I didn't get ur question but like to answer if you clarify it.

I do think this documentary is based on Mark Kram's book, "Ghosts in Manila" --an attack book of Ali's boxing records with false and misleading information. Here is an author review. I think i read the book like 4 years ago but was reminded by your post. Some even called Mark Kram as extremely racist and one who is bent on creating irreversible social or class division within the black communities: pure blacks vs bi-racials. By Jason Brent This is my first book review ever for Amazon. I felt that I had to say something about this horrible book. For one thing, there is the relentless, mean-spirited deconstruction of Ali's character and intelligence. His main aim seems to show that Ali is treated with too much respect these days, and that he, Mark Kram, will treat him with NO respect so that everyone can see that it's doable. His words are clearly calculated to paint a picture of Ali as an ***** with no mental capabilities whatsoever. Ali's initial tests for the US military, for example, placed him at the "near moronic" level. "Near moronic?" This is a writer on a mission to cut the mighty down. Such examples abound in the book. He seems to want nothing more than to expose Ali as the exact OPPOSITE of what he believes Ali's public perception is. But the worst part about the book is this: as a writer, Mark Kram is absolutely unreadable. In a pompous, pretentious manner, he seems to want to use as many "hard" words as he possibly can, showing off incessantly with obscure vocabulary and stunted grammar, with cringe-worthy figures of speech thrown in for good measure. I have never, ever read a writer who uses words like "adumbrate" and "caterwaul" for NO GOOD REASON. He uses the words "ineluctable" and "mythopoeic" in the SAME SENTENCE. What is this, the S.A.T.'s? There are hundreds of examples of words like these. Words that would get a person's a** kicked if he were ever to actually SAY them in public. But the book wasn't written for the general public; that's for sure. He's not writing for the reader's benefit, he's writing for his OWN benefit, to get his deep-seated resentment of Muhammad Ali off his chest, and to amuse himself with his awesome command of the English thesaurus. Look, I'm not saying there isn't some truth in there. There is. The real Ali is somewhere in between the legend and the retard Kram portrays in this book. There are some decent descriptions of a couple of fights (using lots of "unabridged dictionary" words). But the bottom line is, if you like reading thoroughly biased tracts written with stunted language by pretentious authors, "Ghosts of Manila" is for you. Source: Amazon Reviews

The British first bombed Jiidali and then Badhan, the two Dervish bases in Sanaag, and then Taleh was its final operation of air strikes. Qardho is not that historically significant town but Baargaal and BandarQasim would come to mind?

^Aamin Baashi. Taariikhdii Marxuum Suldaan Cabdulaahi Cartan oo kooban By Hilaal Caduur Alle ha u naxariistee waxa uu suldaan Cabdilaahi Cartan ku dhashay magaalada qadiimiga ee Ceelaayo sannadkii 1944tii. Waxa uu dugsiga Quranka ka galay magaalada Buraan 1950kii. Dugsiga Hoose wuxuu ka dhigtay Laasqoray 1952-56dii, kadibna waxu galay Dugsiga dhexe ee Dayaxa 1956. Dugsiga Tababarka Macalimiinta Camuud ayuu galay 1962dii. Marxuumku waxa uu macalin ka noqday dugsiyo kala duwan oo dalka gudihiisa ah, waxaana ka mida magaalooyinkii uu wax ka dhigay Magaalada Ceerigaabo, Hargaysa, iyo Buraan. Marxuumku waxa uu markii danbe u wareegey Wakaalada Ganacsiga, halkaas oo jagooyin baddan oo kala duwan ka qabtay. Marxuumku waxa uu loo doortay sanadkii 1967 caaqilka , jagadaas oo uu ka dhaxlay aabihii Alla ha u naxariistee Caaqil Cartan Xaaji Faarax. Waxa uuna jagadaa hayey mudo ah 34 sanadood iyo sideeed bileed. Suldaan Cabdulaahi waxa uu mudo ahaa Caaqilka Caaqilada Warsangeli. Taariikhdu markay ahayd 7/8/2000 ayaa xaflad ka dhacday magaaala Dhahar marxuumka Suldaanimo loogu caleema saaray. Sudaan Cabdulaahi waxa uu ka qabgalay shirar badan oo u saabsana aayaha umada Soomaaliyeed. Waxaa u ka mid ahaa guurtadii ka qaybgashay shirkii lagu nabadeynaya beelaha dega waqooyiga sannadkii 1991. Waxa kala oo uu ka mid ahaa waxgaradkii dhidibada u aasay maamul goboleedka Soomaaliyeed ee Puntland. Mar aah shaqsiyadii marxuum wax ka waydiieyey Ibraahim Aw caduur oo suldaanka si wanaagsan u yaqaanay meela baddana ay ka soo wada shaqeeyeen, waxa uu yiri, “Suldaan Cabdulaahi waxa uu ahaa nin aftahama, nabada jecel, isla markaana aad u yaqaan dhaqanka umada Soomaayeed.” Suldaan Cabdulaahi aqoonta dhaqanka ka sokow, waxa uu lahaa aqoon xaga maamulka ah, waxa kale oo uu si fiican u yaqiin luuqadaha carabiga iyo tan Ingriiskaba. Allaha ha naxariistee Suldaan Cabdulaahi waxa uu ku geeriyawday magaalada Hargaysa shalay oo taariikdhu ahayd 8/11/2008 waxa uuna ifka kaga tegey laba xaas iyo caruur badan oo isugu jirta kuwa uu dhalay iyo in uu awoowe u yahay. Alle ha u naxariistee Suldaan Cabdulahi waxa uu muda ku dhow nus qarni ku dhow ka mida ahaa guurtida gobolka saanaag kuwooda ugu caansan. Ugu danbayn waxaa Eebe uga baryaynaa in marxuum Suldaan Cabdulaahi Cartan janadii Alleh ka waraabiyo ehaladii , qaraabadii, iyo dhamaan bulshawaynta reer Sanaag samir iyo iimaan ka siiyo. AAMIIN AAMIIN!!

Ilaahey ha u naxariisto, he was a peace-maker, arbiter of important issues of the regions of Puntland and accomplished elder statesman. Samir iyo Iimaan Odayaasha iyo Isimada G/Sanaag gaar ahaan Degmada Dhahar oo Tacsi tiraanyo u diraya Gerida ku Timid Suldan Cartan Waxa halkan tacsi tiiranya leh ka diraya odayaasha reer Dhahareed, waxgarad ka iyo aqoon yahanada waxay u dirayan dhaman shacabka reer Sanaag iyo eheladii iyo qoyskii uu kageeriyooday Alla ha u naxariistee Suldaan C/laahi Cartan Xaaji Faarax oo 8eedii November ku geeriyoday magaalada Hargaysa ee xarunta mamulka S/land. Marxuumka waxay Alle uga baryayaan in uu naxariistii jano ka waraabiyo samir iyo iimana ka siiyo dhaman shacabka reer Sanaag iyo qoyskii iyo ehelkii uu ka tagay anaguna aamiin aamin ayaanu leenahay. DhaharOnline

We need to ramp up public awareness of the danger of the actions of our youth in the Diaspora. They are treading on a dangerous path all because of their dearth of knowledge in differentiating a Somali cause for peace and governance and a global Jihad, strange and fearful as it's, aimed at restoring the power of the Caliphate -- civil and military rule handed down only to the direct descendents of Prophet Mohamed (PBUH) except for special circumstances.

I believe Laascanod will easily return to Puntland if Ade Muse steps down. As long as Ade Muse is in power, the seperatist administration will have a stake over the control of that city. The people of Las Anod are tired of Ade's partisanship, cranyism and nepotism. They want an inclusive power-sharing formula and particularly a government that has a long-term policies for programes that can help Puntland communities build their lives and obtain equal protection of the laws of Puntland. To kill and eliminate any future attempt by the seperatists requires not only hearing the stifled voices of reer Laas Anod but also paying a great heed to their needs in matters relating to social welfare, justice, peace and security.

" It set him apart from the stereotypes of racial prejudice. It broadened rather than narrowed his “otherness.” " This is exactly what I had him in mind. His otherness helped than it hindered him.

NN, cilmiga yar waa dhib baddan yaheye ogow lol. Good point Naxar.

Good job! China Announces $586 Billion Stimulus Package NOVEMBER 9, 2008 SHANGHAI – China's government announced a two-year stimulus exceeding a half-trillion dollars to offset the impact of slowing global growth and unlock the spending power of its vast population. Premier Wen Jiabao's cabinet set plans for 4 trillion yuan, or $586 billion, in spending and stimulus measures through the end of 2010 aimed specifically to target people's livelihood, the official Xinhua News Agency said Sunday night. It was unclear how much the plan, which will target 10 areas from rural infrastructure to low-cost housing, represents new spending and how quickly it can stimulate domestic demand. The government also will adopt an "active" fiscal policy -- meaning it will spend money and cut taxes -- while the central bank will set a "moderately easy" tone that appears to signal further interest rate cuts and efforts to make banks boost lending, Xinhua said. China's economy grew at the slowest rate in five years in the third quarter, slipping to 9% from the year before. China has joined international calls to address faltering global business and consumer confidence, announcing plans that President Hu Jintao will visit Washington this week to meet other world leaders, including U.S. President-elect Barack Obama. Economists say that while China remains a hopeful source of global growth, its momentum is pulling back more quickly than anticipated. Property prices are under downward pressure, factories are closing as export orders dry up and foreign direct investment is being called into doubt. As demand in its major export markets falls, many agree on the need to stimulate spending by China's consumers, unlocking their $4 trillion in savings. A particular concern are the hundreds of millions of people in China's countryside, where the government appears particularly determined to boost spending power and has, for instance, already lifted grain purchase prices. In Sunday's statement, the government said that among its earmarks will be money for transportation networks, ecology, technical innovation and post-disaster reconstruction. Few specific details on the spending plans were immediately announced. Other measures include a restructuring of value-added taxes that Xinhua said will reduce business taxes by 120 billion yuan annually. The government will also look for banks to boost lending, removing a government-set lending ceiling and encouraging them to offer credit to smaller businesses, rural borrowers, technical innovators and buyout-oriented firms. Bold action from Beijing isn't unexpected. The government has in recent months reversed course by slashing interest rates, pouring money into ailing stocks, giving developers leeway to build. What had been missing in Beijing's aggressive policy mix so far, according to a report last week by JP Morgan, was a "big announcement." Many economists have been looking for Beijing to unveil a big stimulus package similar to the one it relied on during the Asian Financial Crisis more than a decade ago. Then, Beijing issued massive amounts of domestic bonds to pay to extend highways, repair airports and build ports, a program that was deemed a strong success. Just a year ago, China had adopted an unprecedented "tight" monetary policy, a step up in its three-year effort to keep the fast-growing economy from barreling out of control because it was expanding too quickly. Write to James T. Areddy at james.areddy@wsj.com

I can't wait to see a prosperous Puntland but we have to learn from our mistakes and specially learn from our people in the south.

Go Obama Go

OBAMA is no puppet and most of the campaign finance was raised at the small levels through community organizing events and online contributions. He took the option of public financing, thus allowing his campaign to be exempted from “federal lobbyists and political action committees” whereas McCain opted the latter. The Jews therefore heavily supported McCain over him. It's documented audited and certified and available for public record. It's transparent. The most any person could pay was $5,000. I've even contributed by sending $500 donation and I received a honorary recognition and appreciation letter through the mail. Look, there's no doubt that the Jews lobbyists did remit their share of money to the Obama campaign but they do also funded significantly the McCain campaign. Many other powerful individuals, billionaire blacks and various special interests contributed to his campaign finance. He raised more money than any U.S presidential candidate has ever done and he put them into good use through ads to the extent of saturation, employing hundreds of thousands of people, volunteers who helped spread the message of HOPE and CHANGE reaches out to allquarters. The Palestine issue is very controversial, but there's no point in dwelling past wrongs or achieving what Hamas and their sworn enemy, Fatah, aspire for their people and country. Their unresolved issues haave only impacted our misguided society in a harmful way as the political movement to free Palestine led to the creation of Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Their strategy of reaching out to Muslims all over the world for financial support and manpower against Israel has fueled our crisis and radicalized our youth in the name of religion. Even though my moral support for their struggle has never waned, I am financially and geographically ill-equipped to extend my hand to them. Israel has made its objective of dividing the Arabs long before our Somali State was born. King Abdullah of Jordan, in 1948--the strongest force which the founders of Israeli state feared the most in their maximalist strategy to win the Arab-Israeli war and covet more lands, submitted to the Israeli's demands and underhanded tactics and even ordered the Iraqi force that were deployed, under his jurisdiction, " to never violate any Israeli occupied territory" as long as the West Bank remains safe and free. Having said all of that, I do honestly think that we should strive for the common welfare of our weary and forgotten society and not emotionally and irrationally self-appoint to be the unwanted agents of Palestine's National Interest. We should think of productive ways of establishing relationship with the rest of the world, free of the Arab-Israeli politics. The Saudi money is what indeed inflames the conflict. It’s there lying in bank accounts which make tons of money out of it. They are told their money is under careful and sophisticated management and are, in necessary, channeled through major organizations or corporations. Because of our association with the Arab League (with zero return) and because of our uncritical devotion to whoever claims to be Muslim, we are blind of, and oftentimes bypass, our own means and ends through the means of others' own ends. If Islam is the lens through which we see the hostility and amicability of the Nations of the Planet Earth, then we won't have witnessed American Slavery, the Holocaust, WWI II and even the recent Geogria-Russia war. National interest is and will be the guiding principle of our future solutions. God Bless Somalia

From the above site: So what we hold is that those people who perform these suicide (bombings) have wrongfully committed suicide, and that this necessitates entry into the Hellfire, and Allah's refuge is sought; and that this person is not a shahid (martyr). However, if a person has done this upon misrepresentation, thinking that it is permissible, then we hope that he will be saved from sin. But as for martyrdom being written for him, then no, since he has not taken the path of martyrdom."4