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Everything posted by Deeq A.
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After meeting with security, humanitarian and government officials – including Puntland President Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gaas- in Puntland, the top United Nations humanitarian official in Somalia has warned Somalia to remain vigilant against the threat of drought while commending the relief effort in 2017. “We took stock, together with [Puntland’s] leadership, of the drought response as it has been so far, looking back to what has been a good year in terms of close cooperation and a very successful drought relief effort,” the UN’s Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia, Peter de Clercq, said in Puntland’s capital, Garowe, on Saturday. “At the same time, we talked about the remaining challenges because we are not out of the woods yet by any stretch of the imagination,” he added. In 2017, drought-related famine was averted through the efforts of Somalis and their international partners. However, the risk is not yet overcome as there are 5.4 million people in Somalia needing life-saving humanitarian assistance Mr. de Clercq – who also serves as the Secretary-General’s Deputy Special Representative for Somalia and the UN Resident Coordinator – was in the Garowe on Saturday meeting with humanitarian and security officials to discuss cooperation on drought response in the region, especially in the difficult to reach area’s. “The situation is very serious, particularly in Sool and Sanaag. And we have talked about how we can best reach the people in Sool and Sanaag in terms of providing them with the assistance that they deserve that will keep them from being affected by this drought and possibly falling into famine. And we are hopeful that there will be a way forward on this,” Mr. de Clercq said. Source: Hol The post Top UN humanitarian official in Somalia warns ‘we are not out of the woods yet’ on drought appeared first on Caasimada Online.
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Muqdisho (PP) ─ Wasaaradda Caafimaadka Somalia, ayaa war qoraal ah oo ay maanta soo saartay ku caddeysay inay soo xaqiijisay in suuqyada Muqdisho lagu iibiyo cunnooyinka loogu talo-galay carruurta nafaqa-darradu hayso ee aan loogu talo-gelin in la iibiyo. Qoraalka wasaaradda ayaa lagu xusay in cuntooyinka Gar-gaarka ah ee lagu soo arkay suuqyada Muqdisho ay ka mid yihiin Buskut, Saliid, Digir, Hadhuudh iyo mal-maatooyinka nafaqada leh ee RUSF iyo RUTF. Iyadoo ay wasaaraddu amar ku bixisay inay ciidamada amniga Somalia ay soo qabtaan shaqsiyaadka caadeystay inay iibiyaan cuntooyinka samafalka loo keenay dalka. Dhanka kale, Iyadoo iibinta cunnooyinka gar-gaarka ay caadi ka tahay guud ahaan Muqdisho ayaa qoraalkan loo arkaa in Wasaaradda Caafimaadka ay u qaaday culeys ka yimid hay’adaha samafalka, kaddib warbixinno ay qaar ka mid ah warbaahinta caalamku baahisay. Haddaba, AKHRISO Qoraalka kasoo baxay Wasaaradda Caafimaadka; PUNTLAND POST The post Ganacsatada iibiya raashinka loo siiyo shacabka Soomaaliyeed oo la amray in lasoo xiro appeared first on Puntland Post.
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Police have foiled a major terrorist attack after fighting off gunmen, killing one and arresting two others after which they found a cache of arms including 36 grenades and five automatic rifles. The officers also detained the terrorists’ car which was rigged up with explosives. Initial investigations showed the car was headed to Nairobi where the terrorists planned to use it as a vehicle borne improvised explosive device (VBIED), simply a bomb on wheels. Further investigations showed the car was assembled by Al-Shabaab experts in El-Adde, Somalia. Following the Thursday evening gunfight in Merti, Isiolo County, a major police operation is underway in the city with the aim of arresting the terrorists’ accomplices. BOOKED HOTEL An initial report shared among security agencies and seen by Nation says the terrorists had probably booked a hotel room because they were carrying a key, which indicated the name of the hotel a room number. The Nation cannot name the hotel because of the ongoing security operation. According to the report, there were five terrorists in the car when police officers spotted it. “Our officers spotted a Mitsubishi sport car registration number KBM 200D hidden in a thicket. The team alighted from their vehicles and approached. One of the occupants came out while shooting at the officers. The officers returned fire killing the unidentified gunman instantly. Four of the occupants tried to escape,” it said. ARMED TERRORIST ESCAPES The report added: “Two (terrorists) were apprehended while two are at large among them one armed with Ak47 rifle.” Police also identified those in custody as Kenyans, going by the national identity cards they were carrying. They are Abdimajit Hassan Adan, 24, and Mohammed Nane Kenyan, 23. Another ID card belonging to Jirma Huka Galgalo was also found. Photographs of the terrorists’ vehicle after it was dismantled showed it was rigged up with 18 IEDs. If detonated, the impact would be devastating because explosion would be powerful enough to bring down a storey building, according to a security official who spoke to Nation on condition of anonymity because he is not authorised to divulge details of an ongoing investigation. Also found in the car were the five AK 47 rifles with 36 fully loaded magazines – each magazine carries 30 bullets. Also, there were “36 unprimed hand grenades, 18 IEDs and three millitary knives.” AL-SHABAAB FLAG A black flag similar to that used by extremist jihadists and other paraphernalia associated with Al-Shabaab were also found. Police also took a motor cycle registration number plate KMEE 180R and ignition keys. The operation was led by Merti Deputy County Commissioner Maiyo Julius, Police Commander Gifinalis Barasa and his Administration Police counterpart Hussein Ibrahim. The senior officers were from a security patrol in Yamicha when they spotted the terrorists and pursued them. With intensified war against Al-Shabaab in Somalia where Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) are operating under the African Union Mission in Somalia (Amisom, militants have been sneaking into Kenya to carry out attacks on soft targets. On Friday, three teachers were killed after gunmen attacked Qarsa Primary School in Wajir County. ROAD EXPLOSIVE On Wednesday, an Al-Shabaab terrorist was blown up after an explosive went off while he planted it on a road in Lamu County. The 3.25am incident happened between Sarira and Kolbio, a stretch regularly used by security units patrolling the Boni enclave. Six hours later, three other terrorists were killed by military personnel who were patrolling the route. KDF Spokesman David Obonyo said the patrol unit “found the body of the militant approximately three kilometres from Sarira following suspected premature explosion of an improvised explosive device he was trying to place on the road”. Three AK 47 rifles, 236 bullets and bomb-making materials were recovered thereafter, he added. Colonel Obonyo also said other terrorists escaped with injuries. “KDF appeals for any information on any individuals seeking medical assistance in the area and also thanks the locals for their continued cooperation with the security forces,” he said in a statement. Source: – Daily Nation The post KENYA: How police foiled a major terror plot appeared first on Caasimada Online.
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Muqdisho (PP) ─ Guddoomiyaha Gobolka Benaadir ahna Duqa Muqdisho Mudane Cabdiraxmaan Cumar Cusmaan (Eng. Yarisow) ayaa kulan la yeeshay Guddiga Ganacsatada Gobolka, waxana ay ka wada hadleen sidii xal maan-gal ah loogu heli lahaa khilaafka ka dhashay canshuuraha. Guddiga Ganacsatada iyo Guddoomiyaha ayaa isla falan-qeeyey cabashada ka dhalatay canshuuraha laga hir geliyey Gobolka Benaadir, iyagoo isla qaatay in guddi qiimeyn ah loo saaro sidii xog ururin dhammeystiran loogu sameyn lahaa cabashooyinka ku aaddan canshuurta. Sidoo kale, kulankan ganacsatada iyo Maamulka Gobolku waxa uu hoosta ka xariiqay in canshuurtu ay tahay waajibaad saaran cid kasta oo dalka ganacsi ku leh ama wax la soo dagta, muhiimna ay u tahay dawladnimada. “Masuuliyad gaar ah ayaa naga saaran ilaalinta duruufaha shacabka Gobolka Benaadir. Si taas la mid ah waxaa dhammaan ganacsatada saaran waajib qaran oo ah bixinta canshuuraha, haddiise cabasho ay timi waa in laga shaqeeyaa sidii aan xal munaasab ah ku gaari lahayn oo dan u ah dadka iyo dalkaba,” ayuu yiri gudodomiyaha gobolka Banadir. Ugu dambeyn, Guddoomiye Yarisow waxa uu sheegay in ay joogteynayaan kulamada ay la qaadanaya ganacsatada, tallaabadaas oo asaas u ah wada shaqeynta xoogan ee ka dhaxeysa ganacsatada iyo Maamulka Gobolka Benaadir. PUNTLAND POST The post Maamulka G/Banaadir iyo Ganacsatada oo ka Wada-hadlay Cabashooyin la xiriira Canshuuraha appeared first on Puntland Post.
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Muqdisho (Caasimada Online)-Waxaa sii kordhaaya nadaafad daro ka taagan Qaar ka mid ah Wadooyinka ku yaalla Magaalada Muqdisho, kuwaa oo eersanaaya dadaal la’aan ka jirta dhanka maamulka Gobolka Banaadir. Waddooyinka ugu badan ee magaalada Muqdisho iyo goobaha lagu ganacsado sida Suuqa Bakaaraha ayaa Saldhig u noqday biyo cagaartay oo ka dhashay qashinka iyo biyaha ay Maqaayadaha soo qubaan. Biyaha iyo Qashinka ugu dan ayaa iminka buux dhaafiyay Suuqa Bakaaraha oo hoostagta Degmada Howlwadaag gaar ahaan Wadada Masjidka Xareed ee Aada isgoyska Baar Ubax ayey jarta wasaqda ka dhalatay Nadaafad Darada. Waddooyinka aan kor kusoo xusnay ayaa fadhiisi u noqday biyo cagaartay oo midabkooda isbedelay, islamarkaana waxa ay waddaasi noqotay mid lagu soo guro qashin badan. Wadda Xareed ayaa muhiim ah u ah Isku socodka dadka iyo Gaadiidka, waxa ayna isku xirtaa waddooyin badan oo halboole ah. Qashinka iyo Biyaha fadhiya waddooyinka Gobolka Banaadir ayaa qeyb ka ah mas’uuliyad darada heysata maamulka Gobolka Banaadir oo iyagu qaada dhaqaalaha ugu badan ee ku jira gacanta shacabka. Maamulka Gobolka Banaadir ayaa saldhig u noqonaaya xil kasnimo la’aan waxaana xusid mudan in waddooyin kabadan 13 ay yihiin kuwo ay jareen wasaq iyo biyo sababay cuduro kala duwan. Sidoo kale, waxaa jajaban waddooyin aad u farabadan oo ay shacabku ku bixiyaan lacago canshuur ah, hase ahaatee waxa ay dadku is weydiinayaan halka lagu bixiyo lacagaha canshuurta marba haddii uu arinku sidaa yahay. Qaar ka mid ah shacabka ayaa sheegay in waddaasi horay lagu sameeyay dayactir, islamarkaana la saaray waddo laami Balse nasiib daro ay weyday maamul daryeela, halka maamulka hadda jira uusan iska xil saarin mas’uuliyada ka saran nadaafada. Maamulka Gobolka Banaadir ee uu Hoggaamiyo Eng. Yariisow ayaa ka badan’la xaflado iyo xarig ka jarista xarumo Degmooyin oo la dayactiray Inta badan maamulada degmooyinka Magaalada Muqdisho ayaan iska xilsaarin ilaalinta Nadaafadda Wadooyinka dib u dayactirka lagu sameeyay. The post Daawo Sawirro muujinaaya mas’uuliyad darada Maamulka Gobolka Banaadir & Wasaqda tuban wadooyinka! appeared first on Caasimada Online.
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Sarkaal u dhashay dalka China oo hogaaminayey howlgal sannadkii hore lagu soo badbaadiyay markab ganacsi oo burad-badeed ku af-duubtay Gacanka Cadmeed, ayaa la guddoonsiiyay shahaado sharaf halyeeynimo,sida ay sheegtay Warbahinta Gudaha. Hawlgalkaasi lagu soo badbaadiyay markabka ganacsi ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo qabtay saddex kamid ah burcad-badeedda Soomaalida. Ku xigeenka duqa magaalada Fuzhou oo ka tirsan gobolka Jiangxi ee bariga dalka China,ayaa Arbacadii gurigiisa ku booqday sarkaalka oo lagu magacaabo Gong Kaifeng,wuxuuna ku ammaanay guulaha uu ka gaaray hawlgalkaasi,sida lagu qoray bogga Thecover.cn 15 April ee sannadkii hore,Mr.Gong iyo 15 kamid ah saaxiibadiisa oo ka socday unugga gaarka ah ee ciidamada baddda China ee loo yaqaanno “Dragon Commando”ayaa soo badbaadiyay markab xamuul ah,kadib markii burcad-badeed ku weerartay Gacanka Cadmeed. Markabka lagu magacaabo OS35 ayaa ku gooshayey calanka Jasiiradda Tuvalu,xilliga ay weerartay burcad-badeedda,isagoo markiiba caawinaad weydiistay ciidanka badda China. sarkaalka Gong Kaifeng ayaa lagu bogaadiyay sidii geesinimada lahayd ee uu burcadda uga soo furtay 16 shaqaale u dhashay dalka Philippines oo saarnaa markabkaasi. Hawlgal lagu badbaadiyay markabka ayaa lagu tilmaamay kii ugu horreeyay ee noociisa ah ee ay burcad-badeedda Soomaalida qaadeen ciidanka badda waddanka China. Xishasho: South China Morning Post PUNTLAND POST The post Sarkaal Chinese ah oo shahaado sharaf lagu siiyay Soomaali uu soo qabtay. appeared first on Puntland Post.
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It is nearly more than two decades since Somaliland got its independence from the rest of Somalia in 1991. Somaliland followed path to political, social and economic recovery and further enhanced institutional re-arrangement which marks the start of its democratization process until today. With abundance of minerals and other forms of natural resources, Somaliland has been poorly performing institution building for natural resource management despite absence of strategic priorities to harness their natural wealth for the achievement of national development goals and sustained prosperity. However, in regard to Somaliland national vision 2030, natural resources of oil, gas and coal have not been critically highlighted as means Somalilanders can achieve this vision and other national development plans. Indeed, answering the above question needs deep and real concern through the lens of natural resource governance. According to NRGI (Natural Resource Governance Institute, 2015), the following set of challenges may hinder Somaliland to potentially benefit from its process of natural resource discovery carried out by some foreign companies. 1. Geological Information Lack of public geological information in Somaliland in times of natural resource discovery and extraction of mineral rocks results the government and Ministry of Energy and Minerals to have shallow knowledge on areas disseminating geological information to the public. This happens because the country does not have all required research tools and technicalities to deliver such grand information. Lack of such information gives chance to other foreign companies to hide the results of the discovery and spread of false information which can mislead the both people and the government. 2. The resource curse The resource curse (also known as the paradox of plenty) which is always regarded as failure to use the resources extracted for development aspects may also take place because Somaliland has no comprehensive plan on how to use all the revenues from the extracted resources and minerals to drive development goals of the country. Present political coalitions between the different clans can also fuel existence of resource curse since economic stability and overall governance processes are at profound threat to few elite groups. 3. Social and environmental challenges Balancing the country needs for development and environment surrounding the discovery and mining area becomes absolutely impossible in Somaliland due to limited collaboration of extractive companies with Ministry of Environment and Rural Development for biodiversity, water and land protection. It is known that extractive industries including Genel Energy, Rakgas and others companies are threatening the environment in many different ways such as degradation, seismic disturbances, water contamination, air pollution and biodiversity loss. On the other hand, discovery process may cause destruction of cultural heritage sites which are fundamental for the local communities and can lead to conflict between the local people, and extractive companies. These social and environmental impacts are not addressed by the government. 4. Weak Institutional Capacity Ministry of Energy and Minerals, Ministry of Environment and Rural Development and the Ministry of Finance have no capacity to operationalize rules designed for the natural resource management. These institutions are weaker for the fact that they are unfamiliar with resource governance, environmental protection, and revenue management and it is easy for the ministers to take large sums of cash from the extractive industries. This explains that resource revenues can be managed outside the normal revenue collection process that Ministry of Finance employs at the same time Somaliland Central Bank has no remit to deliver its desired goals as the country is in serious economic crisis of inflation and unemployment. In some cases, government officials and politicians from these institutions purposefully create regulations that can facilitate their clans and/or families exploit resource wealth as this became popular during Silanyo Regime. 5. Dutch Disease Large natural resource revenues may sometimes weaken other sectors of economy, especially export-based livestock and hides among the export commodities resulting inflation and exchange rate appreciation of dollar over Somaliland shilling. Indeed, the country is threatened by serious inflation which the current administration lacks the capacity to stabilize this economic illness. Natural resources are the opportunity to reach country’s development goals together with other exporting commodities that can be used to build the future of present and future generations in a sustainable way. Somaliland cannot guarantee well-management of resource revenues as both current and previous governments have weak financial institutions that can control financial crisis. These economic pathologies can be minimized by firstly strengthening public financial institutions and establishing public investment institution (not like Somaliland Investment Company in Dubai) which is transparent and publicly owned. 7. Conflict Somaliland has background of clan resistance and inter-clan conflict which mainly based on resource distribution and geographical dominance including the most recent clan clash of Ceel-Afwayn fight which claimed the lives of more than 10 people. While the country has this clan conflict, extractives have their own instability if the country has no absolute unity which is absent from Somaliland as the country is seeking international recognition. Since 1990, oil-producing countries have been twice as likely to have civil wars compared with non-oil-producing countries. The country lacks political stability in terms of geopolitical, social and economic situations which can lead to devastating conflict that is fuelled by unfair extractive revenue allocation. 8. Democracy Somaliland is among African countries with fragile democratic institutions and it is even worse than these countries due to its political coalitions of clans which encourages corruption, fraud, resource exploitation, and favoritism. These impacts are even harmful to Somaliland’s democracy profile that started in 1991. As a result, politicians and government officials are not responsive to citizens’ demands but become more interested in clan investment, illegal investment companies and other laws which are not in line with the constitution. In specific, when the revenues from natural resources are not engaged with citizens through transparent media platform, it is easier for the government officials including the line ministries to misinform the citizens with contradicting and unclear information which is danger to transparency, accountability, inclusiveness and rule of law. In short, Somaliland will not fully utilize extractive industries as resource-rich countries like Chile, Botswana and Malaysia do, partially because the country has no experience in natural resource management for sustainable development despite presence of poor political and contextual vulnerabilities. The author Mohamed Rashid Hussein is a leading Columnist, Humanitarian and Social Worker, Sustainable Development Practitioner Email: mohamedrashid402@gmail.com + 252 63 4002027 + 252 63 316 6739
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Xildhibaan Maxamuud Abuukaate oo ka tirsan golaha shacabka ayaa ka hadley is mariwaaga u dhaxeeya ganacsatada Gobolka Banaadir iyo wasaaradda maaliyadda, kaasoo ku saabsan canshuurta dheeriga ah ee lagu soo rogay ganacsatada. Xildhibaan Abuukaate ayaa sheegay in wasaaradda maaliyadda aanay xaq u laheyn inay canshuur dheeri ah ka qaado gobolka Banaadir oo kale, isagoo xusay in looga baahan yahay in magaalooyinka kale ee dalka ka qaado. “Maalmahan waxaa socotay in ganacsatada lagu soo rogay canshuurta la yiraahdo Iibka oo ka baxsan canshuurta caadiga ah ee kastamka dekeda, sida aan wada ognahay wasaaradda waxaa ay wasaarad u tahay dalka oo dhan,waxeyna ku qurux badan tahay in canshuurta laga wada qaado si siman dalka oo dhan”ayuu yiri Xildhibaan Abuukaate. Sidoo kale Xildhibaanka Maxamud ayaa soo jeediyay in canshuurta Iibka ee lagu soo rogay ganacsatada loo wareejiyo Maamulka Gobolka Banaadir, si adeegyada bulshada ugu fuliyo, isaga oo arrintaasi ka hadlaya waxaa uu yiri “Waxaaan soo jeedina Canshuurta Iibka ee lagu soo rogay Ganacsatada in loo wareejiyo Gobalka Banaaadir, si adeegyada lagama maarmaanka ah uu bulshada ugu qabto, maadaama Gobolka Banaadir ay wali matalaadiisa maqan tahay” Ganacsatada Gobolka Banaadir ayaa maanta sameeyay shaqo joojin, iyadoo la xiray Ganacsiga Suuqa weyn ee Bakaaraha, waxaana Ganacsatada ka cabanayaan canshuurta Iibka ee lagu soo rogay alaabta laga soo dejiyo Dekeda oo ay sheegeen in laga qaado ka hor inta aanay goobaha ganacsiga geyn, taasna ay khasaare ku tahay. Caasimada Online Xafiiska Muqdisho Caasimada@live.com The post “Ma ahan in canshuurta ay gaar u ahaato gobolka Banaadir” Waxaa sidaas yiri… appeared first on Caasimada Online.
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On 16 October 2011, Kenyan troops crossed the border into Somalia. The official reason was that Kenya’s national security was threatened by the Somalia-based Islamist militant group, Al-Shabaab. The terrorist group had in fact carried out a number of cross-border raids during the months preceding the operation. There’s still considerable disagreement about the reasons for Kenya’s military action in October 2011. More than six years after Nairobi made the drastic move, Kenyan troops are still in Somalia and Al-Shabaab is still considered a threat to Kenya. Numerous terrorist attacks have been carried out by the Somali group, including the deadly siege on the Westgate shopping mall in 2013. There are a number of possible explanations as to why the Kenyan authorities made the decision to engage Al-Shabaab in Somalia. These range from trying to prop up the Kenyan army’s image, to currying favour with the West, to making the north east of the country safer. Some strategies have proved more successful than others. Proving a point One possible explanation for the action is that the Kenyan Defence Force was eager to show that it could actually fight a war. In the run up to the action, the Kenyan military had been stung by Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni’s mocking remark that it was a “career army” ill-equipped to face a guerrilla insurgency. Added to this were Kenyan concerns about Uganda’s growing military footprint in Somalia which could threaten the self-perception of the KDF as a superior military power in East Africa. So crossing the border deploying troops in Somalia was part of an exercise to enhance the image of the KDF in the eyes of the population in the midst of allegations of corruption. Some reports have also suggested that some senior officers expected that the Kenyan troops committed to Somalia could eventually join the African Union Mission in Somalia. The countries contributing to the mission at the time were Uganda, Burundi and Djibouti. The integration of Kenya into the mission would have meant that some, if not all, of the costs of the military action would be funded by international donors. In these Kenyan officers’ calculation, joining the mission would mean the government would have to find less from the national budget. Combined, these factors gave the Kenyan army a strong institutional interest in crossing over into Somalia. The Somali connection Nevertheless, the then Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki appeared initially to have been hesitant to approve the invasion. He seems to have been persuaded to go ahead by the Minister for Internal Security George Saitoti, the Defence Minister Yusuf Haji, the Chief of the Defence Forces Julius Karangi and the head of the intelligence Services Michael Gichangi. An important decision maker in this group was Yusuf Haji, an ethnic Somali. Haji was known to be behind the idea of establishing a state, Jubaland, inside the borders of Somalia close to Kenya. Jubaland is a potentially rich region with lush rangelands and farmlands as well as offshore oil and gas deposits. Haji was also known to back the push to unite his Ogadeni clan scattered across northern Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia. Leading academic and expert on Kenyan politics David Throup has argued that “personal economic and political interests of senior Kenyan politicians and soldiers from Northeastern Province’s Ogadeni Somali community” were decisive factors in the decision. Economic and military aid from the West There is a third factor. Since the 1998 bombing of the US embassy in Nairobi, Kenya has been perceived as a strategic ally of the US in its counter terrorism efforts on the continent. As a result, the country has become one of the largest recipients of Western foreign aid and security assistance on the continent. Despite the close relationship between the West and Kenya, in the years leading up to 2011 Washington had become increasingly critical about Kenya’s inability to implement political and economic reforms. Towards the end of 2011 Nairobi was facing the possibility of Washington reducing its assistance. Kenya’s incursion could therefore be seen in the context of a country propping up its image as a reliable ally in the global war on terrorism. Nairobi was keen to present the intervention as part of the ongoing Western-led war on terror. A crucial official argument was that the invasion was an anti-terrorist operation. Making the northeast safe A fourth explanation is Kenya’s desire to make the vast semi-arid north-east safe for tourism and foreign direct investment. Further south lies Lamu, the focal point of the country’s most ambitious infrastructure project. Violent attacks by al-Shabaab in the north-east would not only keep the tourists away from the region but also deter potential foreign investors. There are also great expectations related to oil exploration and to the establishment of huge transportation systems linking Lamu port with the Kenyan and South Sudan oil fields and the 80 million people in the Ethiopian market. Outcomes Only a few months after the Kenyan army started the incursions into the southern part of Somalia, a billion dollar deal with South-Sudan was signed. And less than half a year after October 2011, Kenya announced the discovery oil for the first time. If the main reason for the incursion was to make Kenya safe from al-Shabaab and attract foreign direct investments, the impact is less obvious. There has been some foreign investment, but far from enough. If the main driver was to improve the Kenyan army’s image, it can be described a success. The defence force has enhanced it’s standing in the Kenyan population. The Conversation
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Eleven migrants who had been subjected to slavery and auctioned in Libya arrived home on Saturday after being repatriated by the Somali government and the UN refugee agency.
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TEHRAN, Iran — A commercial plane crashed on Sunday in a foggy, mountainous region of Iran, killing all 66 people on board, the state news media reported. Source: Hiiraan Online
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Magaalada Qardho ee xarunta gobolka kar kaar waxaa maanta lagu qabtay kulan bushada degmada Qardho iyo tuulooyinka hoos yimaada looga wacyi galinayay cudurka halista ah ee Sonkorowga ama Macaanka. Dhaqaatiirta ku sugan magaalada Qardho oo kulankan wacyi galinta ah isugu yeeray bulshada ayaa sharaxad kabixiyay sida lagu ogaan karo qofka qaba xanuunka macaanka ah. Dhaqaatiirta ayaa kula taliyay dadweynihii kulanka ka soo qayb galay in qofka qaba xanuunkan uu u tago dhaqtarka ugu dhaw iskana cabiro barasharka dhiigiisa isagoo helidoono adeeg caafimaad oo bilaas ah . Dhaqaatiirta ayaa sheegtay in cudurkan xalka ugu dhaw ee uu qof ku uu kaga bogsoon karo ay tahay 1-in qofka uu cuntadiisa wax ka badalo iyo in qofka uu iska ilaaliyo walwalka ama istarayska. Hoos ka dhagayso codka dhaqaatiirta. Codka dhaqaatiirtab qardho Puntlandi.com
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Gudiga doorashooyinka madaxa banaan ee dalka ayaa maalmahanba gobolada dalka kawaday wadatashi ku aadan qaabka ugu haboon ee ay udhici karo sanada 2020ka doorasho kaduwan kuwii horay dalka uga dhici jiray taas oo laguna soo doortay madaxda haatan talada haysa iyo kuwii ka horeeyay. Gudoomiyaha gudiga doorashooyinka Xaliimo Yarey ayaa warbaahinta u sheegtay in 2020 ka aysan wax dowr ah kulaheen doorashadan Odayaasha dhaqanka. Hoos ka Dhagayso. Codka dhaqaatiirtab qardho
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Garowe (HOL) - After meeting with security, humanitarian and government officials - including Puntland President Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gaas- in Puntland, the top United Nations humanitarian official in Somalia has warned Somalia to remain vigilant against the threat of drought while commending the relief effort in 2017. Source: Hiiraan Online
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Police have foiled a major terrorist attack after fighting off gunmen, killing one and arresting two others after which they found a cache of arms including 36 grenades and five automatic rifles. Source: Hiiraan Online
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Dalka soomaaliya sanada 2020 ka waxaa lafilayaa in ay ka dhacdo doorasho qof iyo cod ah, taas oo ay ku rajo wayn yihii shacabka iyo Dowladda Fadaraalka Soomaaliya oo uu hogaamiyo mudane Maxamed C/laahi Farmaajo. Gudiga doorashooyinka madaxa banaan ee dalka ayaa maalmahanba gobolada dalka kawaday wadatashi ku aadan qaabka ugu haboon ee ay udhici karo sanada 2020ka doorasho kaduwan kuwii horay dalka uga dhici jiray taas oo laguna soo doortay madaxda haatan talada haysa iyo kuwii ka horeeyay. Gudoomiyaha gudiga doorashooyinka Xaliimo Yarey ayaa warbaahinta u sheegtay in 2020 ka aysan wax dowr ah kulaheen doorashadan Odayaasha dhaqanka. Hoos ka Dhagayso. Z0000001 - My Recording
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Garowe (Puntlandi) Wasiirka caafimaadka dowladda Puntland. Dr. Cabdinaasir Cuuke, ayaa maanta dhagax xarunta tababarka shaqaalaha Puntland, taasoo noqondoonta xaruntii ugu horeysay ee lagu tababaridoona shaqaalaha caafimaadka iyo dhammaan shaqaalaha kale. Xaruntaan cusub ayaa laga dhex dhisayaa gudaha dhismaha wasaaradda caafimaadka, waxaana wasiirka dhaga dhiga ku wehliyay agaasimaha guud ee wasaaradda , Dr. Cabdirisaaq Xirsi Xasan, agaasimaha waaxda caafimaadka aas aasiga ah, Cabdirisaaq Xirsi Xasan iyo masuul kale. Wasiirka caafimaadka Dr. Cuuke, ayaa sheegay xaruntaan cusub in looga bixidoono baahiyihii badan oo loo qabay goob u gaar ah tababar shaqaalaha. Waxaa uu sheegay wasaaraddu caafimaad inay halkaan ku qabandoonto tababarada wasaaraddu siiso shaqaalaha caafimaadka. Dhismaha xaruntaan waxaa iska kaashanaya wasaaradda caafimaadka iyo hay’adda GIZ ee fahdhigeedu yahay dalka Germany, waxaana ay qeyb ka tahay mashruuca kor u qaadista caafimaadka hooyada iyo dhallaanka iyo horumarinta nafaqaynta Soomaaliya, kaasoo ay maalgalinayso dowladda Germany. Puntlandi.com
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Wasaaradda Maaliyadda ee xukuumadda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa markii ugu horreysay dib u billowday inay qaaddo lacagta canshuurta iibka, Value Added Tax (VAT) oo ganacsiga dalka ka marneyd tan iyo markii ay burburtay dowladdii dhexe sanadkii 1991. Canshuurtan oo ah nooc ka mid ah canshuurta aan tooska ahayn waxaa lagu dalacaa qofka macmiilka ah ee badeecada iibsada ama loo qabto adeeg ganacsi la xiriira. Waxaa soo diyaarisa wasaaradda maaliyadda si la mid ah canshuuraha kale. Amiin Jamaal oo bare ka ah kuliyadda dhaqaalaha ee Jaamacada Plasma ee magaalada Muqdisho ayaa sheegay in canshuuraha ay dowladda qaaddo ay kala duwan yihiin. Waxay noqon kartaa canshuur toos ah oo ay dowladda ka qaaddo goobaha ganacsi ee hela faa’iidooyinka, kirooyinka iyo hantida ama waxay noqon kartaa canshuur aan toos ahayn. “Waxaa ka mid ah canshuurtan iibka oo halkii uu bixin lahaa ganacsadaha uu ku dallacayo qofka ganacsigiisa iibsada,” ayuu yiri. Yaa go’aan ka gaara qaadista canshuurta iibka? Wasaaradda Maaliyadda ee xukuumadda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa go’aan ka gaarta qadarka laga dhigayo lacagtan oo loo xisaabiyo qaab boqolley ah (Percentage). Wasaaraddu waxay hadda ku billowday canshuurta iibka qadar gaaraya 5%, sida uu sheegay wasiirka maaliyadda Soomaaliya, Cabdiraxmaan Ducaale Bayle oo shir jaraa’id ku faahfaahiyay canshuurtan VAT. Amiin Jamaal ayaa aaminsan sababta ay dowladda u yareysay qadarka lacagtaas canshuurta ah ay tahay si ay uga fogaato inay dadka dhibsadaan, kaddibna ay kacdoon sameeyaan. Tan ayaa qeyb ka ah canshuuraha ay dowladda Soomaaliya isku dayeyso inay hirgeliso. Waxaa ku jira canshuuraha laga bixinayo alaabaha ganacsiga, faa’iidada ganacsatada ay helaan marka ay xiraan xisaabta sanadka iyo mushaarka shaqaalaha. Dowladda ayaa dooneysa inay wax ka beddesho nidaamka dhaqaale ee canshuurta dekedda, ganacsataduna diiddan yihiin, waxayna taas sababtay in ay maalmo hakadaan howlihii dekedda. Sidee ayay dadku uga falceliyeen? Dad badan ayaa baraha bulshada uga aragti dhiibtay doodda la xiriirta canshuurta iibka. Hoos ka arag qaar aan sawir ahaan u soo min-guurinnay. Shacabka ku nool magaalada Muqdisho oo ah halka canshuurta iibka dib looga billaabay, aad uma fahamsana intooda badan canshuurta noocaan ah. Maxamuud Gayfane oo dhaqaalaha uga baxay Jaamacadda Muqdisho ayaa ku doodaya in aysan weli muuqan hannaan goob kasta oo ganacsi canshuurtan looga qaadayo. “Canshuurtan waa mid kordhineysa dakhliga gudaha ee dowladda soo gala, balse aniga iima muuqdo hannaan goob kasta oo ganacsi canshuurtan looga qaadi karo. Waayo waxaad mooddaa inay ku kooban tahay goobaha ganacsi ee ay dowladda gaari karto sida hoteellada ku yaalla [waddada] Maka Al Mukarama balse aan laga wada qaadi karin goobaha ganacsi ee ku yaalla suuqa Bakaaraha sababo la xiriira ammaanka,’’ ayuu yiri Gayfane. Inkastoo qaar ka tirsan ganacsatada leh maqaayadaha waaweyn iyo hoteellada ay durbadiiba la qabsaden canshuurta iibka haddana waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay jiraan ganacsato badan oo aan si fiican u fahmin. Daahir Cabdullaahi Nuur oo ah milkiilaha dukaan weyn oo ku yaalla Muqdisho ayaa aaminsan inay habboonaan lahayd marka hore in ay dowladda sameyso wacyigelin. Wuxuu muhiim u ahaa in bulshada la baro bixinta canshuuraha iyo dhamaan noocyada canshuuraha oo ay wasaaradda maaliyadda qaaddo. “Aniga lafteyda wax badan kama maqlin canshuurtan,” ayuu yiri. Soomaaliya oo dhowr iyo labaatan sano ku jirtay dagaallo sokeeye, isla markaana ay ka maqneyd dowlad shaqeyneysa ayaa hadda u muuqata inay soo kabaneyso. Amniga ayaa soo hagaagaya, hay’ado dowladeed oo si buuxda u shaqeynaya ayaana jira inkastoo adeegyadooda uusan dalka oo dhan ku baahsaneyn. W.D: Xuseen Maxamed The post Wax badan ka ogow Canshuurta IIBKA – VAT oo ay isku heystaan dowladda iyo ganacstada Muqdisho appeared first on Caasimada Online.
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Deeganka Go gobaadle oo ka tirsan degmada Gaalkacyo kuna dhawo Magaalada Bacaadweyn ee gobolka Mudug ayaa maanta waxaa laga dhagax dhigay Beer lagu xanaaneeyo xoolaha, laguna beeri doono qudaarta noocyadeeda kala duwan iyo Ceel biyood. Dadka ka faaiidaysanaya mashaariicdan ayaa ubadan xoolo dhaqatada gobolka mudug ,ku waas oo noqon doona xoolo dhaqato beeralay. Munaasibadii lagu dhagax dhigayay mashruucan ayaa waxaa gob joog ka ahaa Gudoomiye kuxigeenka gobolka mudug kusimada duqa degmada gaalkacyo Taliyaha qaybta gobolka mudug iyo mas,uuliyiin kale. Halkan kadaawo .
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Ganacsatada magaalada Muqdisho ayaa maanta guud ahaanba xiray Suuqii Bakaara ee ugu Waynaa magaalada Muqdisho iyagoo ka cabanaya Canshuur kordhin ay sheegeen in ay ku samaysay wasaarada maaliyada . Ganacsatada ayaa sheegay in lagu kordhiyay lacag gaaraysa Boqol kiiba shan ,halka markii hore laga qaadi jiray qimo intaasi kayar. Arintan ayaa waxa ay saamaysay dadkii danyarta ahaa ee ka adeegan jiray suuqyada waa weyn ee magaalada muqdisho, lamana oga halka ay xaaladan ku dambayn doonton. Dowlada Fadaraalka Soomaaliya ayaan ilaa iyo hada wax war ah ka soo saarin shaqo joojintan maanta ay sameeyeen ganacsatada. Hoos ka dhagayso codka ganacsatada shaqo joojinta samaysay. ganacsatada
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By Dr. Hussein Mohamed Nur The SNM had strong networks of cells operating inside the country. The principal goal was to facilitate operations and support networks for the movement. Those networks consisted of a diverse people of different backgrounds including business people, traders, petty street workers, students, teachers, women, employees and professionals etc. of the various departments and institutions of the government and armed forces of different ranks. The latter also included high ranking military officials within the army who acted as a linchpin in the internal operations of the SNM. Colonel Ibrahim Ismail Koodbur was a ranking military officer embedded within the 26th sector of the army in Hargeisa. Koodbur was one of the extraordinarily brave men in the history and struggle of the SNM. He was the main architect together with other SNM officers such as Colonel Abdisalam Mohamoud Jama (Turki) and others. Colonel Ibrahim Ismail Koodbur In April 1983, Abdillahi Askar, Abdisalam Mohamoud ‘Turki’ and others entered Hargeisa as a group to join an SNM inside cell including Colonel Ibrahim Kodbur (a member of the national army as a high ranking officer). The purpose of the mission was to conduct a secret operation in Hargeisa. The original mission was to headhunt high ranking government officials (the commanders of the 26th sector of the army, the NSS, the Hangash and others). Unfortunately, before any action was conducted in accordance with the plan, the unit faced a sudden unforeseen problem. The unit members switched the original plan into a rescue operation due to the unexpected change in the original plan. They had to divert mission as a colleague member, Colonel Abdillahi Barkhad Askar, was caught on 10 April 1983 by the Victory Pioneers (Guulwadayaal) and later moved to be imprisoned at Birjeex military Headquarter, a highly fortified and enforced security prison within the 26th sector of the army forces Birjeex compound. At the time there were preparations for the celebrations of the Somali armed forces day (12th of April 1983) underway. This happened after the unit had a meeting on the evening of 10th April 1983 at a house owned by Ismail Sheikh Musa Duale. As they finished meeting they left for another location to stay in the night. Abdillahi Askar was left behind. Askar left the house alone afterward and was stopped by the Guulwadayaal on the road on his way to join the rest. He was brought to their center of the so-called ‘Victory Pioneers’ (Xarunta Guulwadayaal) (today’s site of the parliament). Askar was later moved to Birjeex. General Gani, commander of the 26th Sector of the armed formed in Hargeisa planned to bring Askar to the Hargeisa National Theatre on the next evening of 11 April 1983, the night before the celebration of the Somali military day as a show to the public before his execution plan on the next day. Members of the SNM rescue unit of Birjeex operation The SNM unit immediately knew of the incident (from reports of an insider SNm cell unit) and urgently organized a small unit with Colonel Ibrahim Kodbur as the coordinator to rescue Askar. The unit consisted of 11: 1. Abdisalam Turki, 2. Said Abdi (said Birjeex), 3. Ibrahim Ismail Kodbur, 4. Bihi Haji Hassan Elmi, 5. Suleiman Said (Yare), 6. Ibrahim Arab, 7. Ahmed Hussein Warsame, 8. Said Kur-Libah, 9. Aden Maal Aqli, 10. Abdirahman Eid Farah, 11. Said Ahmed Dhigane. Kodbur was an insider link man, coordinator and the anchorman who still a high ranking officer in the Somali army. He was leading the activities. He had the rota as the duty command Officer that night. He was our anchor man. They made themselves ready the next day (11 April) late afternoon together with two rescue vehicles and went according to the plan. They enforced entry from the entrance gate of Birjeex straight to where Askar was kept. At first, they met with some resistance from a well-equipped guard and started exchanging fire with the guard. But that was surprisingly shock and awe for them. In fact, the shooting took place in close range and immediately they had the upper hand. Two of their colleagues were hit but were managed successfully to be taken out with them alive together with the prisoner. Askar was in bad state and completely immobile due to the damages he was received whilst in the hands of the enemy. He was subjected to savage torture and beaten. He was in pajamas. His skin was burnt all over with candles and cigarette butts (as they noticed later afterward). They took the wounded men and the prisoner and swiftly hit the exit gate towards two vehicles parked outside and on standby. However, they escaped in one of the cars abandoning as it had an engine failure. One of the wounded men was Bihi Haji Hassan Elmi. He was badly wounded. They brought him out into a bush of shrubs nearby. Unfortunately, it was impossible to take him with them. The circumstances got out of hand. Bihi told ordered them to leave him on the spot. There was literally no chance to save him. They suddenly sped off towards the south, the direction of the border. At the Masalaha area, the only transport vehicle they became faulty. The engine would not start. Just after dusk and after the Maghrib prayers as they were frustrated but did not lose faith and on dependence on the All-Mighty, Allah, a miracle happened (as reported by Colonel Turki who is alive today – details are available in the forthcoming book of the author ‘The Rebirth of Somaliland’). With the Grace of Allah’s and his permission, they gave the engine one last trial. Upon the first turn ignition and the engine miraculously roared like a brand new machine. They then sped off as fast as they could. They were never spotted by the enemy and therewith crossed the border at Harshin safely. Bihi who was left behind died after killing several enemy soldiers. A memorial monument today stands on the spot where Bihi died. A memorial monument has been recently erected where Bihi died. Of the 11 members of that spectacularly successful mission, as we write today only three of them are alive (Abdisalam Turki, Adan Mal Aqli, and Abdiraham Eid). The first two live in Hargeisa. Abdirahman Ciid lives in Ainabo, Sarar region. The rest of the team died (some in action during the operation, others in action during the SNM invasion in 1988 and still others in different circumstances. Ibrahim Ismail (Kodbur) died in 1987; Bihi Haji Hassan Elmi (died in action) in action in 983); Said Abdi Yasin died in 1988); Said Ahmed Dhigane (died in action in 1983); Saleban Said died in 1988; Ahmed Warsame Malosh died in 2002. In the decade of SNM liberation, thousands of civilians and SNM fighters including the top leading commanders lost their lives. The SNM lost some of its heroic and daring officers. Mohamed Ibrahim Hadrawi, one of the famous Somali cultural creator, poet, and composer, highlighted some of the SNM officers killed in battles in a series of poems known as ‘Dalalay series’: Dil-dillaaca dhiigiyo The blood-gushing cracks Inta nacabku dooxee All those massacred by the enemy Dhan baan ku dhaabtay I sweared Birjeex deedankeedi In the Birjeex vicinity Laga diday kulkeediyo Fled from its mercilessness Degsan baan ku dhaabtay O by Degsan, I swear Lixle damacyadiisii The ambitions of Lixle’(1) Diric Ina Saleebaan The son of Suleiman Duxan baan ku dhaabtay O by Duhan, I swear Ifkuu Xaamud daariyo (2) The enlightenment of Hamud Khaliif doorankiisiyo (3) The wishes of Khalif Degan baan ku dhaabtay O by Deggan I swear Hurre doonaantiisii (4) Hurre’s engagement? Gurey Ina Dawaariyo (5) Gurey, the son of Dawareh Dar kalaan ku dhaabtay And many others, I swear Islow dara-digiisii (6) Islows ? Danab Adan Shiiniyo (7) Thunderous Aden Shiine Dadban baan ku dhaabtay O by Dadban, I swear Karuur duur-xulkiisii (8) Karur, his wilderness Iyo Damalkii Koosaar (9) And Kosar’s wisdom Dedan baan ku dhaabtay O by Deggan, I swear 1 Mohamed Hashi Deria (lixle); 2. Hamud Ibrahim Yasin; 3. Khalif Sh. Ahmed; 4. Mohamed Haji Hassan (Hurre); 5. Ibrahim Farah Dawarre *Gurey); 6. Mohamed Ahmed Mohamoud (Islawayne); 7. Aden Sh Mohamoud Sh. Abdillahi (Aden Shiine); 8. Abdi Sh Jama (Karuur); 9. Abdulkadir Kosar Abdi. In 1987 the SNM launched an operation inside Hargeisa city. The purpose was the killings of top government officers in the North especially Hargeisa such as the commander of the 26th Sector of the armed forces in the North, the Commander of the Police force, the governor etc. Meanwhile, Ahmed Ade, the top ranking officer of the NSS and a colleague of his nicknamed ‘Degmo-Laqas’ were successfully slain in the process. Many at times it was not uncommon that civilians were caught in revenge for the actions and operations of the SNM. Most of the people were usually the suspects of supporting the SNM. Soon after that operation Sulub Jama Aw Osman (also known as Sulub Ugaadhyahan) and a friend of his who were both members of a clandestine SNM cell in Hargeisa were caught and imprisoned. For three months they faced an ordeal. They were badly beaten and tortured in the Hargeisa Central Prison. Sulub described the merciless ordeal they went through (described elsewhere in the author’s forthcoming book ‘The Rebirth of Somaliland). Later on, they made an extraordinary successful escape from the prison in Hargeisa. To be continued…
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Muqdisho (Caasimadda Online) – Wararka laga helayo magaalada Muqdisho ayaa sheegaya in suuqa bakaaraha uu Maanta ku jiro shaqo joojin ay ku dhaqaaqeen inta badan ganacsatada suuqaasi oo diidan canshuur ay soo rogtay dowlada Soomaaliya. Ganacsatada suuqa oo ah kan 0ugu weyn Soomaaliya ayaa shalay ku dhaqaaqay shaqo joojin ay uga cabanayaan canshuur lagu soo rogay alaab ku jirta dekadda Muqdisho, waxaana go’aankaasi qaatay inta badan ganacstada suuqaasi. Ganacsatada qaar ayaa saakay furay qeybo kamid ah Suuqa, waxayna Caasimadda Online xogta ku heleysaa inay lasoo xiriireen saraakiil ka tirsan Shabaab . Saraakiishaan ka tirsan Ururka Al-Shabaab ayaa ganacsatadaan ku amray inay xiraan ganacsiyadooda isla markaasna ay ku go’aan ku noqdaan ganacsatada uu Khilaafka kala dhaxeeyo dowladda dhexe. Ganacsatadii furay qeybo kamid ah ganacsiyada ayaa markii dambe xireen kadib hanjabaad culus oo uga timaaday Ururka Al-Shabaab. Khilaafka u dhaxeeyo Dowladda Soomaaliya iyo Ganacsatada Gobolka Banaadir ayaa gaaray heerkii ugu sareeyey kaasoo keenay inuu xirmo suuqa ugu weyn Soomaaliya ee Suuqa Bakaaraha oo ay noloshooda ku xiran tahay inta badan dadka Muqdisho ku nool. ernaanshaha Suuq Wey ee Bakaaraha ayaa wuxuu saameeyay qaar ka mid ah muruq maalka ka xamaasha Suuqaasi kuwaas oo noloshooda ay ku tiirsaneed waxa ay ka helaan suuqa Bakaaraha. Qaar ka mid ah dadkaan ka xamaasha Suuqa Bakaaraha oo lahadlay KNN ayaa Dowlada ka dalbaday in ay xal u raadiso xernaashaha Ganacsiga Suuqa Bakaaraha oo ay ku tiirsanaayeen. Caasimada Online Xafiiska Muqdisho Caasimada@live.com The post Al-Shabaab oo soo faragelisay Xirnaanshaha Suuqa Bakaaraha iyo Ganacstada qaar oo lagu amray inay… appeared first on Caasimada Online.
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By Dr. Hussein Mohamed Nur It took almost a decade for the SNM to liberate Somaliland from Barre dictatorship. The SNM chairmanship changed four times during that period: Ahmed Mohamed Guleid (Jimale) (1981-1982); Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Ali Sheikh Madar (1982-1983); Abdulkadir Kosar (1983-1984); Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud (Sillanyo) (1984-1990) and Abdurahman Mohamed Ali (from 1990 until he became the first president of Somaliland in 1991). SNM operations and tactics Since its establishment in 1981, the SNM went through different stages of growth and development. It started with an initial phase of build-up and organization both militarily and politically. In military terms, the first proper training school for the SNM fighters or liberators was established by Colonel Ahmed Mirre at Jina’asani (inside Ethiopia) though there were few other improper makeshift kinds of camps for recruitment and basic training before such as one at Aware. According to Colonel Mirre, the Jina’sani school started with 8 guns as weapons for the SNM in its entirety donated by Mohamed Ali’s guerrilla group (Afraad), the only SNM group that existed at the time. As soon as the Somali national army commanders heard about the news of the SNM armed forces inside Ethiopia, the Somali military armed militias traditionally in alliance and armed by the Somali government attacked the school with heavy weapons. Colonel Mirre retold how that attack turned into a blessing in disguise for them (the SNM). The SNM fighters acquired war booty after bravely defending themselves using only their skillful military tactics from their unfortified defense trenches. The attack was concluded in a defeat of the Somali government backed militias fleeing the area and leaving behind a huge amount of rounds of ammunition, guns, and weapons which the SNM unit badly needed. The booty for the SNM fighters tuned to be enormous (that exceeded more than 800 guns in the hands of the SNM fighters). Later on SNM military bases or headquarters were established at Gashamo in the East which led by Colonel Mohamed Kahin Ahmed and Ali Hayan as his deputy; at Aware, the middle base was led by Shakib Suldan Abdulqadir; a central base commanded by Abdillahi Askar Barkhad and Dayib Gurey as his deputy; the West headquarter was based in Jigjiga and led by Mohamed Mirre Ahmed as the commander with Aden Suleiman as his deputy. Later on, for strategic purposes, two major military divisions were established to replace the different command bases: The Makka (eastern front division) which was commanded by Mohamed Mirre Ahmed and the Madina (the western front division) commanded by Ibrahim Hussein (Dhegaweyne) as the chief commander. In its first years, the SNM started confining its operations in guerrilla warfare tactics. Hit and run and ambush operations were not uncommon damaging and keeping the Somali troops often in the panic, the principal objective. At the beginning, the operations were minor skirmishes with the Somali troops spread along the borders. Mohamed Ali and his colleague Mohamed Nur Ali of AFRAAD group were both highly skilled experts in guerrilla tactical operations. By the mid-1980s, the liberation struggle gathered momentum and the operations were successfully being conducted right inside the country. In October 1982 the SNM exerted excessive pressure on the Somali government. The SNM and the SSDF agreed to make a joint committee to coordinate activities. The two insurgent groups started broadcasting anti-government statements from Radio Kulmis (later it became known as Radio Halgan). But joint military operations were never organized and the joint SNM-SSDF committee languished idle. On 2 January 1983, the SNM took a full-scale operation well inside the country. An SNM commando unit attacked Mandera prison near Berbera and freed (some sources say about 700, others believe it was only a few dozens) political prisoners including elders and tribal chiefs. On another occasion, an SNM unit raided an armory and weapons deposit at Adadley (a town with a major military garrison and a jail) east of Hargeisa and escaped with a large number of arms and ammunition. That was one of the SNM strategies to obtain arms. Another way of getting arms was acquiring the arms brought by government forces defectors while in other times arms were bought from the government forces themselves through dealers with a connection to the regime. In response to that, the Somali government imposed dusk-to-dawn curfew throughout the north, state of emergency, closing of petrol or gas stations to the public, banning travel and transport in and out of the north, closing the borders especially with Djibouti to stop rebel units returning to their bases in Ethiopia. But nonetheless, the SNM operations convinced Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia that the SNM was a threat to the government of Siyad Barre and, therefore, provided more weapon and support. In 1983, the SNM made sporadic attacks on frontline government regiments. In June 1983 Baligubadle town on the border was targeted by the SNM attacking the Somali military forces. 17 October 1984 the SNM was engaged in a fierce battle with the Somali army at Buroa-Durey. The SNM casualty reached 25 that day including loss of its brave self-assured SNM officer, the commander, Colonel Mohamed Hashi ‘Lihle’. The day after there was a counter-attack by the enemy on the SNM front. The SNM casualty was 27 fighters dead. SNM units made infiltrations inside the country more specifically in the east (led by Mohamed Kahin and others), the west under Aden shine!) and well into highland mountains of the Gollis mountains range around Sheikh under Colonel Ibrahim Hussein ‘Dhegaweyne’ and into the east of the country (Somaliland) led by Mohamed Kahin. Those activities showed off the strength and power of the SNM which discredited by allegations and propaganda spread by the SSDF about the SNM. The SSDF had the intention to make a merger between the SNM and the SSDF. In the mid-1980s the SNM stepped up its guerrilla attacks on government military posts in the north nearby Hargeisa, Burao and Berbera causing serious casualties. In desperate reaction to the attacks, government forces shot 300 civilians in different places and sentenced 7 youth to death after making demonstrations. A large number of SNM sympathizers were arrested in Burao alone. By the late 1980s large number of defections of soldiers and army commanders from the Somali government forces, civil servants and students joined the SNM forces. The SNM pressure was increasing ever since against the regime. In 1984, the SNM plotted and took simultaneous attacks on government forces on three fronts. The SNM was always active employing guerrilla tactics. SNM units led by Colonel Ibrahim Abdillahi Hussein (Dhegaweyne) made operations in Sheikh town areas and the mountainous range in the North and returned back to bases. On 22 November 1984, in response to the SNM operation inside the country (Sheikh surrounding and mountainous highlands), the government took inhumane revenge by on civilians. The local community members were rounded up including women, children, religious leaders etc.. Sheikh Abdirahman Mohamed Ali and 11 other civilians captured from the rural areas surrounding Sheikh town were caught being accused of supporting the SNM and executed them while people were not allowed to bury the dead corpses which were left for the vultures and wild beasts to prey on for days. Between June 1985 and February 1986, The SNM carried up to 30 operations against Barre’s armed forces in the north. The SNM killed 476 soldiers, captured 11 vehicles and destroyed 26 others. A mass persecution at Burao In 1984, 43 civilians, including businessmen, civil servants, a Police officer (Colonel Mohamed Ali Mire – Qorane) and others who were caught from rural settlements, villages and Burao suburban areas were herded together alleged to have supported the SNM and its activities. They were accused of providing facilitation for an SNM inside the cell as well as being members. On 20 December 1984, they were all brought to court in Burao and were all executed, except two absentees, by a firing squad from armed forces [(a special unit with members from the army, the police and the Dervishes unit (Darawish)] at the Badhka/Barta, a famous execution spot in Burao. The execution took place shortly after a brief mock show or trial at a military tribunal court. The long list of the prisoners is as shown below. The order and instructions were from Mogadishu and the hearing was briefly held at a military court in Burao by the Deputy Prosecutor of the military court of the national army, Colonel Yusuf Mohamed Farah. The secretary of the Burao municipality was ordered in advance to prepare and provide the necessary logistics such as tractors and diggers for excavation of the burial sites and mass graves for the bodies. The list of the victims (most of them assigned as ‘Dilsuge’ – waiting for execution (in red pen). After a few minutes of a mock trial and performing of non-legalistic rituals orchestrated dominantly by the courts of the government. The notorious law No. 54 was used in support for the justification of innocents. It was cited at the court and applied for the murder of those individuals. The allegations and accusations that they were supporters and showed sympathies for the SNM. No evidence was brought forth. The names of the 43 victims were: 1.Qasim Qodah Jama (businessman); 2. Abdirahman Haji Mohamed Sirad (Oday) (teacher); 3. Essa Essa Ibrahim Ismail; 4.Essa Ibrahim Ismail; 5. Adan Nur Ismail (Qoorcase); 6. Yassin Ahmed Warsame (Sonani); 7. Abdi Mohamed Alin (Dhegjar); 8.Ahmed Abdi Hassan; 9. Ahmed Yusuf Mire; 10. Abdi Jama Hassan Sanweyne; 11. Mohamed Yusuf Ismail (coomas); 12. Ahmed Hassan Ismail (Yunbur); 13. Deria Osman Yussuf (Laba Lugood); 14. Colonel Mohamed Ali Mire (Qorane)(; 15. Shukri Mohamed; 16. Ismail Salah Wiriye; 17. Mohamed Samatar Ahmed; 18. Saleban Hirad Adan; 19. Ali Abdi Hassan; 20. Adan Jama Warsame; 21. Mohamed Mohamoud Abdi; 22. Ahmed Ismail Mohamed; 23.Ali Omer Deria; 24. Musse Hassan; 25. Ali Shire Ghalib; 26. Abdullahi Mohamed Farah; 27. Adan Ali Ibrahim; 28. Abdi Mohamed Yusuf; 29. Abdi Hassan Jama; 30. Abdillahi Hassan Nur; 31. Ali (unreadable)??; 32. Gaashaanle??? (Unreadable); 33 (unreadable); 34. Gaashaanle Farah?; 35. Jama Abdillahi Said; 36. Laila Mohamed Egeh; 37. Abdi Ali Ahmed; 38. Said Osman Geelle; 39. Abubakar Abdillahi Roble; 40. Abdillahi Salah Gir; 41. Awil Salah Gire; 42. Ibrahim Mohamed Handulle (ina Aar); 43. Abdi Hussein Dheere. The last two were not presented but were tried in absentia. The mock trial court proceedings were witnessed by Abdillahi Jama Yusuf who was allowed to enter the court. A prejudgment was made beforehand and even before the kangaroo court. It was already decided and rehearsed by a higher authority in Mogadishu which was usually the president. Colonel Mohamed Said Morgan was present and overseer to ensure the process is done. After the firing squad finished the massacre business, the corpses were hastily buried using bulldozers in makeshift mass graves in groups of ten. In overall, the operations at times cost dearly for the SNM. The SNM lost some of its finest commanders (high ranking ex-Somali military). Colonels Mohamed Hashi ‘Lixle’, Adan Suleiman, Mohamed Ali, Ahmed Gaab among others who were killed in combat services at different times. Meanwhile, others such as Colonel Adan Mohamed Sheikh Abdi ‘Shine’ and Abdulqadir Kosar were killed under dubious circumstances. Colonel Ibrahim Yussuf Mohamed ‘Kodbur’. Colonel Mahdi Ali Farah and others died of natural causes. To be continued