The problem for me is that Shari'ah law requires that all people of a land believe and fear the ultimate Justice of Allah...and i think even in the most ideal of circumstances...beli ef and fear of Allah is never universal in any society.
To me this question comes down to how do we define a philosopher...Nietzc he i would say is a sociologist...but if we define philosopher as a thinker...i think the most brilliant mind of all time was Isaac Newton.