There are universal things people across the world desire to have in their countries, like freedom, peace and stability, better health care, good education for their kids and so on. I thought the main reason for the delegation of power to the local level was to provide the services people need in their counties, towns and regions.. There are unitary states that have all the necessary requirements for local self governments and the delegation of power.. I do believe that those Somalis who are advocating the federals system of government are taking their reference point from military government of Somalia where power was not only centralized, but also services where located in the capital region, be higher education, passport services and even employment opportunities. This model by itself was unique to Somalia and few African nations where resource is based on one major location due to the size of the population and the character of the ruling group. In many former Soviet countries where power was centralized, services were provided through the local party apparatus. They had infrastructure, higher education institutions, vibrant cities, airports and so on. Look at China today, where the Chinese Communist party has lifted 600 million people out poverty through market economy, yet power is centralized through few men from the communist politipuro who has less than 30 people in a nation of 1.3 billion people. Both India and Chinese state were established in late forties, yet the Chinese have surpassed India in most of the important human development metrics. So, I ask those who are advocating for vthe federal system, is your intension is to copy what you see in USA, Canada and few other countries, or you have a federal model that fits uniquely for the 15 million Somalis concentrated in few regions of the country while the rest of the country is empty vast land. Nations like Canada whose vastness of the country-- being the second largest in the world --which is almost like a continent, requires to be governed like a federal state. The same could be said USA, India or Nigeria with later having very diverse population. Illyria is talking about the efficiency of the free market based businesses in Boosaaso, Borama and Hargeisa where uninterrupted electric or water services are much better than state run places. I will add that the Somali telecom service is much better than the state Ethiopian telecom where five star hotels provide very weak WIFI services or bad connectivity with the outside world. I think all that could be done in a system unitary, or federal system. The main issue here when you build a system you have to either create a unique system that fits your needs, character and nation or you copy others. No one can deny that the Somali federal system is copied from Ethiopia in so many ways including the names of leaders as presidents, the security apparatus of having paramilitary force (The Liyu police) and the rivalry that pits ethnic groups (Clans) in a way that encourages a system that justifies the end. There are no other nations in the world where you have six or seven presidents with both the federal and regional leaders are called presidents. We have a rich Somali language to find a name suitable to the these governors. Another issue Illyria raised is the cost of doing services. IN the current system cities and towns do not exist at all. They don't have established and law based formula of collecting taxes and allocating services. Furthermore, after you leave the city limit, there are no governments, services or even a leadership to serve the rural people. They have fake " Gudoomiyaha Gobolka Nugaal, Bari,and Mudug and so on with zero taxing ability.. Just like Somaliland which called it self a country, Puntalnd has regional governors with single office of Gudoomiye, Police chief and few other offices that doesn't concern themselves what is beyond the regional office. Gudoomiyaha gobolka Awdal, just like the one in Bari, has one small office and the ear of the the so called president, nothing more. Regional leaders in Puntland and other federal states require large parliament with minimum of 100 people, two or three dozen ministeries, their budgets, security details and so on. Galmudug has a district in Gallkacayo, Dhuusamareeb town and five minor districts with a population of less than a million people, why would they need a federal bureaucracy to manage these small counties. Even in Puntland, if you remove the Bari region and its bustling port of Boosaaso, what you got is Garoowe, Gaalkacayo and few small towns.. Furthermore, everyone isn't Puntland where you have basically one single major clan and their associates. Hiiraan, Awdal, Gedo, Shabeelahsa Hoose and many others would like to manage their own affaires without being lambed to others. If the idea is to delegate services, maintain their unique characters and salsify the needs of the local community, you can't force those who are in one region to others. Those of us who in the west have sensitized with the system of quarreling, yet functioning government, but not everyone is capable of copying that system. In the cities, despite the mayor and councils, most major decisions are pushed by the business community. Singapore, China and many central Asian countries had proven that there is no such thing as one system ( Western) for all . Here in Canada with proven age old federal system, most of the important aspects of the citizen revolves around the national government. Our pensions are managed by the national government, so is our employment insurance if lost jobs, health care transfers to provinces and so on. Rather than consider these small collections of Somali districts as major federal state, they could be regions under the unitary governments. Regardless of which system there has to be an overriding power at the national level. At current system, regional presidents are almost like kings, especially the way they spend the public money with zero accountability. At the end it would be probably Puntland and few others pushing the federal system. Furthermore, any system could only be implemented with public referendum. I would have asked the Reer Bari if they want to join Puntland or be their own region, the same goes for Hiiraan, Lower Shabbelle, Hiiraan, Awdal and Gedo.

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